Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41772191›Full record

ArticleNature nanotechnology2026

Rational design of rigid mRNA folding architecture to enhance intracellular processing and protein production.

Bowei Yang, Benhao Li, Youliang Zhu, Mengyao Zhao, Yuanqi Cheng, Xiaodan Zhao, Deryn Teoh En-Jie, Yifan Wang, Miao Zhang, Xianglong Tang and 12 more

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature nanotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

22 authors.

Bowei Yang *Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-4136-3084
Benhao Li *Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Youliang ZhuState Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China. youliangzhu@jlu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9561-0770
Mengyao ZhaoDepartments of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Yuanqi ChengCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, State Key Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
Xiaodan ZhaoDepartment of Physics, Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Deryn Teoh En-JieDepartment of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8171-5574
Yifan WangDepartment of Biochemistry, Precision Medicine TRP, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease TRP, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5525-3169
Miao ZhangDepartments of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Xianglong TangDepartments of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1119-2138
Shuang JinState Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Yibin SunState Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0450-5391
Xuanbo ZhangDepartments of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Bin XueCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, State Key Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0822-6501
Jie YanDepartment of Physics, Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8555-7291
Guanglu WuState Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Zhewang LinDepartment of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1301-6661
Min LuoDepartment of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Haojie YuDepartment of Biochemistry, Precision Medicine TRP, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease TRP, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0559-0252
Longjiang ZhangDepartment of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6664-7224
Xiaoyuan ChenShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China. chen9647@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9622-0870
Qianqian NiDepartments of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. qqian.ni@nus.edu.sg.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4230-5059

Funding

National University of Singapore (NUS) NUHSRO/2020/133/Startup/08
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The application of messenger RNA (mRNA) beyond infectious diseases is challenged by inefficient protein production. Whereas the engineering of secondary mRNA structures has been shown to increase mRNA half-life, it remains unclear whether tertiary mRNA structures influence therapeutic efficacy. Here we develop a metal-ion-assisted RNA folding (MARF) strategy and show that, when delivered with lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), specific metals promote mRNA folding architectures that result in the amplification of protein expression by up to 7.3-fold compared with control mRNA. This effect is due to altered mechanical interactions between the mRNA LNPs and the surrounding biosystem, resulting in enhanced intracellular processing and prolonged retention of delivered mRNA in targeted cells. Administered intravenously, MARF LNPs achieved effective and durable genome editing of the clinically relevant Pcsk9 gene through treatment with a single dose. Overall, this work provides a new MARF technology for more effective mRNA therapy and highlights the potential of mechanical cues in designing nanoparticles for improved mRNA delivery.

Indexed as

NanoparticlesRNA FoldingRNA, MessengerAnimalsGene EditingHumansLipidsLiposomesProprotein Convertase 9Lipid NanoparticlesLipidsLiposomesProprotein Convertase 9RNA, Messenger

Identifiers

PMID41772191

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.