ArticleNature biomedical engineering2026
MyD88-mediated chimaeric antigen receptor macrophages suppress brain metastasis using target-specific phagocytosis.
Article in Nature biomedical engineering, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- CAR design equips diverse immune cells with unique antigen-specific activation identities.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Chimeric antigen receptor-macrophages: A new paradigm for cell therapy.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2026Review
- In vivo CAR-M therapy: advancing precision delivery and programmable immune remodeling.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
23 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Metastatic brain disease occurs in up to 30% of patients with lung, melanoma and breast cancers, and the median survival time remains less than a year. Treating these patients is a challenge because surgical approaches are limited and most chemotherapeutic drugs and immunotherapies are ineffective at crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Given the unique abilities of macrophages to cross the BBB and exert their phagocytic function on tumour cells, we genetically engineer macrophages that express a chimaeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeting mesothelin (MSLN). To specifically target metastatic brain tumours, we fused the cells with the immune signalling molecule MyD88. This chimaeric antigen receptor macrophage (CARMA) penetrates the BBB and decreases brain metastasis growth in a humanized mouse model. MSLN-CARMA shows antigen-specific phagocytosis activity against tumour cells and exhibits a bystander effect by releasing TNF to act on surrounding tumour cells lacking the tumour antigen. These features of CARMA represent advantages over other immune therapies and CARMA may serve as a promising therapeutic tool for the treatment of brain metastasis.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.