Urea nitrogen levels in postmortem serum, vitreous humor, and cerebrospinal fluid.

Motoo Yoshimiya, Shogo Shimbashi, Hideki Hyodoh, Jin Shigeki, Kotaro Matoba, Yu Kakimoto

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Article in International journal of legal medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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6 authors.

Motoo YoshimiyaDepartment of Forensic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, 143 Shimokasuya, 259-1193, Kanagawa, Japan. yoshimiya@tokai.ac.jp.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5232-9025

Shogo ShimbashiDepartment of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka, Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, 910-1193, Japan.

Hideki HyodohDepartment of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka, Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, 910-1193, Japan.

Jin ShigekiDepartment of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, N15W7 Kita-ku, 060-8638, Hokkaido, Japan.

Kotaro MatobaDepartment of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, N15W7 Kita-ku, 060-8638, Hokkaido, Japan.

Yu KakimotoDepartment of Forensic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, 143 Shimokasuya, 259-1193, Kanagawa, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Urea nitrogen (UN) levels are considered relatively stable postmortem; however, many uncertainties remain. This study aimed to clarify differences in UN levels among postmortem serum (Se), vitreous humor (VH), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and to evaluate the influence of postmortem interval (PMI) on these levels. UN concentrations were analyzed in Se, VH, and CSF from 123 medicolegal autopsy cases (86 males and 37 females; age range 21–92 years), which were classified into five PMI groups (< 1 day, 1–2 days, 3–4 days, 5–6 days, ≥ 7 days). In all three matrices, UN levels differed significantly between cases with PMIs shorter than 1 day and those with PMIs of 7 days or longer, whereas in cerebrospinal fluid, a significant difference was also observed between PMIs shorter than 1 day and 5–6 days. In cases with PMIs shorter than 1 day, UN levels differed significantly among the three matrices, being highest in serum and lower in vitreous humor and cerebrospinal fluid. In contrast, no significant differences among matrices were observed in cases with PMIs of 1 day or longer. These findings suggest that postmortem UN levels are influenced by PMI.

Indexed as

Postmortem ChangesUreaVitreous BodyAdultAgedAged, 80 and overBiomarkersFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedYoung AdultBiomarkersUreaPostmortem biomarkersPostmortem intervalSerumUrea nitrogenVitreous humor, cerebrospinal fluid

Identifiers

PMID41772136

DOI10.1007/s00414-026-03739-8

PMCPMC13275576

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.