ArticleNature communications2026
Engineering NIR-II carbon dots through aniline extension with graphene and nitrogen enrichment for hepatobiliary theranostics.
Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Vesicle-Mediated Delivery of Carbon Dots: Synthesis, Properties, and Biomedical Applications.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Near-infrared-II carbon dots offer exceptional deep-tissue penetration for biomedical imaging, but challenges remain in their synthesis and photoluminescence mechanisms. Here, we report three carbon dots (CDs-1, CDs-2, CDs-3) with tunable emission from the visible to the Near-infrared-II (480-1265 nm), synthesized by constructing extended aniline-based frameworks from p-phenylenediamine. Combined structural and density functional theory analyses reveal that the Near-infrared-II redshift arises from the enhanced molecular dipole moments and electron-acceptor ability of the precursor, as well as the accumulation of graphene domains and pyrrolic nitrogen doping during carbonization polymerization, which collectively drive the narrowing of the energy gap. CDs-3 shows 15 mm penetration depth in gallbladder Near-infrared-II imaging (vs. clinically used indocyanine green 2 mm). With 1.44 signal-to-noise ratio and 334.5 μm resolution, it enables precise monitoring of biliary strictures/leakage. Selenium-doping-derived functionalized composite nanomaterials (CDs-3@pPB) exhibit potent reactive oxygen species scavenging and theranostic efficacy in liver fibrosis. This work elucidates the mechanism underlying the redshift of carbon dots emission into the Near-infrared-II and establishes a nanoplatform for hepatobiliary theranostics, demonstrating substantial clinical potential.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.