Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41771871›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

Nucleotide-resolution mapping of regulatory elements via allelic readout of tiled base editing.

Basheer Becerra, Sandra Wittibschlager, Zain M Patel, Ana P Kutschat, Justin Delano, Eric Che, Anzhelika Tauber, Ting Wu, Marlena Starrs, Christina S Horstmann and 10 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Synthetic Regulatory Genomics.Annual review of genomics and human genetics · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Basheer Becerra *Bioinformatics and Integrative Genomics PhD Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Sandra Wittibschlager *St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0006-6973-5293
Zain M Patel *Gene Regulation Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Ana P KutschatSt. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6360-873X
Justin DelanoBioinformatics and Integrative Genomics PhD Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Eric CheGene Regulation Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Anzhelika TauberSt. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria.
Ting WuDivision of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Marlena StarrsDivision of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Christina S HorstmannSt. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria.
Sophie MüllerSt. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3527-6739
Madelynn N WhittakerCenter for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Elise SylvanderSt. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-9981-2942
Manfred LehnerSt. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5776-4218
Michael I LoveDepartment of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
Benjamin P KleinstiverDepartment of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5469-0655
Martin JankowiakGene Regulation Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Daniel E BauerGene Regulation Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. daniel.bauer@childrens.harvard.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5076-7945
Davide SeruggiaSt. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria. davide.seruggia@ccri.at.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5014-0499
Luca PinelloGene Regulation Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. lpinello@mgh.harvard.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1109-3823

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

CRISPR tiling screens have enabled the characterization of regulatory sequences but are limited by low resolution arising from the indirect readout of editing via guide RNA sequencing and enrichment analysis. This study introduces an end-to-end experimental assay and computational pipeline, which leverages targeted sequencing of CRISPR-introduced alleles at the endogenous target locus following dense base-editing mutagenesis. As a proof of concept, we studied a putative CD19 enhancer, an immunotherapy target in leukemia, and identified alleles and single nucleotides crucial for CD19 regulation. Our visualization tools revealed transcription factor motifs corresponding to the top-ranked nucleotides. Validation experiments confirmed that mutations in MYB, PAX5, and EBF1 binding sites reduce CD19 expression. Critically, editing MYB and PAX5 motifs conferred resistance to CD19 CAR-T cell therapy, revealing how non-coding variants can drive immunotherapy escape. Taken together, this approach achieves nucleotide-resolution genotype-phenotype mapping at regulatory elements beyond conventional gRNA-based screens.

Indexed as

Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic AcidAllelesAntigens, CD19Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic RepeatsCRISPR-Cas SystemsHumansMutationNucleotidesPAX5 Transcription FactorTrans-ActivatorsAntigens, CD19NucleotidesPAX5 Transcription FactorTrans-Activators

Identifiers

PMID41771871
PMCPMC13065808

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.