Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41771843›Full record

ArticleLight, science & applications2026

Breaking the mid-infrared interconnection barrier: a robust bonding for high-power optics based on liquid-like chalcogenide glass.

Xiange Wang, Feng Xiao, Yiming Du, Kai Jiao, Keke Chen, Wei Tang, Yuyang Wang, Xiang Shen, Shixun Dai, Maozhi Li and 5 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Light, science & applications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Xiange Wang *Laboratory of Infrared Material and Devices, The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, College of Information Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
Feng Xiao *Laboratory of Infrared Material and Devices, The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, College of Information Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
Yiming DuDepartment of Physics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Functional Materials & Micro-Nano Devices, Key Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation (Ministry of Education), Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China.
Kai JiaoLaboratory of Infrared Material and Devices, The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, College of Information Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
Keke ChenLaboratory of Infrared Material and Devices, The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, College of Information Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
Wei TangLaboratory of Infrared Material and Devices, The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, College of Information Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
Yuyang WangLaboratory of Infrared Material and Devices, The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, College of Information Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
Xiang ShenLaboratory of Infrared Material and Devices, The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, College of Information Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
Shixun DaiLaboratory of Infrared Material and Devices, The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, College of Information Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
Maozhi LiDepartment of Physics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Functional Materials & Micro-Nano Devices, Key Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation (Ministry of Education), Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China.
Xunsi WangLaboratory of Infrared Material and Devices, The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, College of Information Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China. wangxunsi@nbu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4882-8363
Shengchuang BaiLaboratory of Infrared Material and Devices, The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, College of Information Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
Rongping WangLaboratory of Infrared Material and Devices, The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, College of Information Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China. wangrongping@nbu.edu.cn.
Ganapathy Senthil MuruganOptoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom.
Barry Luther-DaviesDeparment of Quantum Science and Technology, The Australia National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 62205163National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) U22A2085
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Achieving low-loss optical interfaces between high-refractive-index (n > 2) components is critical for mid-infrared photonic systems, yet hindered by the trade-off between refractive index matching, IR transparency and thermal stability. Here, we introduce a groundbreaking solution-bonding the optical lenses and fibers with a liquid-like chalcogenide glass, which possesses an ultra-low glass transition temperature below room temperature, high refractive index and exceptional mid-infrared transparency. The basic performances of the liquid glass are characterized and proved by detailed viscosity distribution, mechanical shear and bonding tensile strength measurements. Most of all, the optical transmission and laser delivery of these bonded chalcogenide glass fiber devices demonstrate a significant improvement, with transmission efficiency increasing from 36% to 91%, and laser power delivery from several hundred mW rising to 14.5 W at a wavelength near 4 µm. Additionally, the system demonstrates long-term stability, maintaining performance over at least 3 months and more than 206 heating-cooling cycles when utilizing this liquid-like glass adhesive. This research not only addresses the challenge of bonding mid-infrared optical components but also holds immense promise for advancing integrated mid-infrared optics applications, including spectroscopy, sensing, and imaging.

Identifiers

PMID41771843
PMCPMC12953766

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.