Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41771772›Full record

ReviewScandinavian journal of psychology2026

Towards an Extended Cognitive Model of Moral Injury-The Role of Mental Defeat.

Madelyn Letendre, Andrea Reinecke

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Scandinavian journal of psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Madelyn LetendreDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6253-7539
Andrea ReineckeDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5130-7318

Funding

Fellowship of Brain ScienceRhodes Scholarship
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Moral injury (MI) is a proposed syndrome that develops when someone is exposed to, participates in, or fails to prevent an action that fundamentally violates their moral code and results in maladaptive cognitions about oneself and humanity. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a disorder based on maladaptive cognitions that develops following a traumatic event. Decades of PTSD research underscore that the experience of mental defeat, or the perception that one was completely defeated during the traumatic event, plays a significant role in the development and maintenance of PTSD. Less work, however, has been done to develop a cognitive model of MI and to understand how mental defeat plays a role in the underlying maladaptive cognitions. Understanding the cognitive model of MI is key to developing effective cognitive therapy. In this paper, we first examine the role of mental defeat in PTSD cognitive models and then compare the PTSD cognitive model to proposed cognitive models for MI. Based on these comparisons and overlapping symptomology, we suggest that mental defeat plays an important role in MI cognitive models.

Indexed as

CognitionModels, PsychologicalMoralsStress Disorders, Post-TraumaticHumanscognitive modelmental defeatmoral injuryPTSD

Identifiers

PMID41771772
PMCPMC13352552

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.