Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41771673›Full record

ArticleHealth promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals2026

Exploring the Swimming and Water Safety Behaviour Among Indian and Vietnamese Adults in Australia.

Lian Low, Hannah L M Graefe, Stacey M Willcox-Pidgeon, Lisa M Barnett

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Exploring the Swimming and Water Safety Behaviour Among Indian and Vietnamese Adults in Australia.Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Lian LowSchool of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3360-5910
Hannah L M GraefeLife Saving Victoria, Port Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3416-5690
Stacey M Willcox-PidgeonRoyal Life Saving Society Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0759-0675
Lisa M BarnettSchool of Health and Social Development, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9731-625X

Funding

Deakin University
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

issue addressedFrom 2011 to 2021, drowning caused over 2.5 million preventable deaths, with Asia carrying the highest burden of drowning deaths. India and Vietnam are among the top 10 birth countries of people who drown in Australia. This study aimed to understand how Asian adults living in Australia develop health literacy in relation to swimming ability and water safety and how these skills are implemented in different aquatic environments.

methodsThree men and nine women between 20 and 79 years old born in India and Vietnam and living in Victoria, Australia were recruited using convenience and snowball sampling. Semi-structured online interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed using a deductive approach.

resultsThree interrelated themes emerged. First, there were cultural differences in how participants related to aquatic environments in their birth countries compared to Australia and the impact this had on their health literacy. Secondly, family influence on perceptions of aquatic environments determined participants' perception of risk and safety in aquatic environments. The last theme related to the differences in access, affordability and availability of swimming and water safety education and how this impacted participants' swimming ability.

conclusionsA multisectoral approach is recommended involving councils, key multicultural organisations and community leaders to increase awareness of drowning prevention related health literacy within Asian communities and to implement targeted water safety education and swimming programmes. SO WHAT: Targeted education, engagement and co-designing programmes with community leaders are needed to respond to the emerging trend of fatal drowning in Asian communities in Australia.

Indexed as

DrowningHealth LiteracySafetySwimmingAdultAgedFemaleHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHumansIndiaInterviews as TopicMaleMiddle AgedVictoriaVietnamYoung Adultdrowningswimmingwater safety behaviour

Identifiers

PMID41771673
PMCPMC12953056

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.