ArticleCancer science2026
Cholangiolocellular Component Predicts a Biologically Distinct Subgroup of Mass-Forming Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma.
Article in Cancer science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Cholangiolocellular carcinoma (CLC) is a histopathological variant of primary liver tumor with unique morphologies, and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (iCCAs) frequently contain a CLC component; however, the biological characteristics of iCCA with CLC remain undescribed. In this study, 36 mass-forming iCCAs (MF-iCCAs), histologically small-duct type iCCA, were classified into CLC(+) iCCAs and CLC(-) iCCAs by the presence/absence of the CLC component. Two genetic subgroups were generated using highly expressed genes in CLC(+) iCCA and CLC(-) iCCA. As the results of clinicopathological and genetic analyses, CLC(+) iCCA had better overall survival and upregulation of stromal- and oxidation-related genes, whereas CLC(-) iCCA showed upregulation of proliferation- and hypoxia-related genes. Two genetic subgroups of iCCA were identified: iCCA-G1, which was related to CLC, and iCCA-G2, which was unrelated to CLC. iCCA-G1 comprised all 14 CLC(+) iCCAs [CLC(+)G1] and 7 of 19 CLC(-) iCCAs [CLC(-)G1], whereas iCCA-G2 was composed only of CLC(-) iCCAs [CLC(-)G2]. CLC(+)G1 and CLC(-)G1 exhibited similar patterns of somatic gene alterations compared with CLC(-)G2. Angiogenesis-related genes were upregulated in CLC(+)G1, and the number of tumor vessels was larger in CLC(+)G1, followed by CLC(-)G1, compared with CLC(-)G2. Further, SPP1 (encoding osteopontin) was identified as a highly expressed angiogenesis-related gene in CLC(+) iCCA. Immunohistochemical expression of osteopontin was high in CLC(+) iCCA, showing apical and/or cytoplasmic expression patterns, which should facilitate the histopathological classification of iCCA-G1 and iCCA-G2. CLC component is useful for predicting a distinct genetic subgroup of MF-iCCA with better prognosis, high angiogenesis, and different gene alteration patterns, indicating different carcinogenic pathways of MF-iCCA.
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