ArticleJournal of neuro-oncology2026
Real-world comparison of BTK inhibitors and lenalidomide as first-line maintenance in primary CNS lymphoma: a multi-center retrospective study.
Article in Journal of neuro-oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Primary central nervous system lymphoma in the molecular era: genomic drivers, liquid biopsy, and targeted therapeutic strategies.Annals of hematology · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
18 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrimary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare, aggressive malignancy presenting significant therapeutic challenges. Optimal maintenance therapy following initial remission remained debated.
methodsWe conducted a multicentre, real-world study comparing BTK inhibitors (BTKi, n = 23) versus lenalidomide (n = 48) as maintenance in 71 newly diagnosed PCNSL patients in remission.
resultsWith a median follow-up of 41.2 months, median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) remained unachieved for the total cohort. BTKi maintenance was associated with significantly superior PFS compared with lenalidomide (not achieved vs. 61.0 months; p = 0.016), with a substantially higher 6-year PFS rate (91.3% [95% CI: 69.5-97.7%] vs. 41.5% [95% CI: 23.8-58.4%], P < 0.001). This benefit was confirmed as an independent favourable prognostic factor in multivariate analysis (HR = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.05-0.87; P = 0.036). While PFS differed significantly, OS was comparable between the two groups. It is notable that 86.4% of patients who relapsed during lenalidomide maintenance transitioned to BTKi-based regimens, achieving a substantial second-line PFS (median 20.5 months). Furthermore, BTKi benefit was stable regardless of maintenance duration. In contrast, lenalidomide maintenance showed significant heterogeneity: optimal cutoffs for duration were identified separately for PFS (21.3 months) and OS (6.3 months). No treatment-related deaths occurred.
conclusionThese data suggest that BTKi maintenance is a highly effective strategy for newly diagnosed PCNSL, offering prolonged progression-free survival compared with lenalidomide. The significant efficacy of BTKi in both first-line maintenance and second-line salvage settings provides a preliminary basis for re-evaluating current treatment paradigms, pending confirmation by prospective trials.
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