Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41770337›Full record

ArticleJournal of neurology2026

Ozone pollution as a possible trigger for multiple sclerosis in young people: the PEDIGREE study.

Roberto Bergamaschi, Ottavia Eleonora Ferraro, Enrico Pisoni, Marzia Fronza, Stefania Bova, Pietro Annovazzi, Marta Simone, Antonio Gallo, Agnese Suppiej, Roberta Lanzillo and 31 more

Erratum issuedAbstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of neurology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

41 authors.

Roberto BergamaschiMultiple Sclerosis Research Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, Pavia, Italy.
Ottavia Eleonora FerraroDepartment of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Enrico PisoniEuropean Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy.
Marzia FronzaDepartment of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
Stefania BovaChild Neurology Unit, Buzzi Children Hospital, Milan, Italy.
Pietro AnnovazziNeuroimmunology Unit-Multiple Sclerosis Center, Hospital of Gallarate, ASST Della Valle Olona, Gallarate, Italy.
Marta SimoneChild Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonic Area, University 'Aldo Moro' of Bari, Bari, Italy.
Antonio GalloDepartment of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, and 3T MRI-Center, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy.
Agnese SuppiejPediatric Clinic, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
Roberta LanzilloDepartment of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
Sarah RasiaMultiple Sclerosis Center, ASST - Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Montichiari, Italy.
Angela BerardinelliChild Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
Valentina Torri ClericiNeuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Disease Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.
Lucia MoiolaNeurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
Maurizio ViriDepartment of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, AOU Maggiore Della Carita Novara, Novara, Italy.
Stefano SotgiuDivision of Child Neuropsychiatry, University Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
Simona MalucchiDepartment of Neurology and Multiple Sclerosis Regional Referral Centre, AOU San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
Alessandra ProttiDepartment of Neuroscience, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy.
Carlotta CanavesePediatric Neurology Unit Regina Margherita Hospital, Turin, Italy.
Giacomo LusSecond Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy.
Luigi Maria GrimaldiNeurology and Multiple Sclerosis Center, Foundation Institute "G. Giglio", Cefalu, Italy and UniCamillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, Rome, Italy.
Marta ContiDepartment of Neurology, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy.
Giovanna BorrielloMS Center, San Pietro Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Rome, Italy.
Giovanna De LucaMS Centre, Neurology Unit, SS. Annunziata University Hospital, Chieti, Italy.
Valentina TomassiniMS Centre, Neurology Unit, SS. Annunziata University Hospital, Chieti, Italy.
Alberto PrioriLaboratory of Precision Medicine of Neurological Diseases, Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Martina TosiDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy.
Nicola PomellaDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy.
Andrea CoronaLaboratory of Precision Medicine of Neurological Diseases, Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Alen ZolloLaboratory of Precision Medicine of Neurological Diseases, Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Maria Pia AmatoDepartment NEUROFARBA, Section of Neurosciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Eleonora CoccoDepartment of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
Maria TrojanoDepartment of Translational Biomedicine and Neurosciences DiBraiN, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
Filippo Martinelli-BoneschiLaboratory of Precision Medicine of Neurological Diseases, Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Eleonora TavazziMultiple Sclerosis Research Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, Pavia, Italy. eleonora.tavazzi@mondino.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2580-3646
Cristina MontomoliDepartment of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Sandra D'AlfonsoDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy.
Angelo GhezziDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy.
Silvy PilottoDepartment of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
Maura PugliattiDepartment of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
PEDIGREE Study Group

Funding

FISM 2022/R-Multi/013
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAir pollution is linked to an increased risk of multiple sclerosis (MS) in adults.

objectiveTo investigate the link between air pollutant exposure and pediatric MS (pedMS) in an Italian cohort.

methodsPEDIGREE (Pediatric Italian Genetic and Environment Exposure) is a multicenter case-control study investigating genetic and environmental factors in MS before the age of 18. Information on environmental and perinatal exposures was collected through the PEQ-IT questionnaire. Air pollution data during the first, second, and third years prior to MS onset (PM2.5, PM10, O3, NO2, SO2, and CO levels) were obtained from the European Monitoring and Evaluation Program database.

resultsData were available for 113 pedMS cases and 117 controls. We found statistically significant associations between pedMS and higher exposure to ozone (O DISCUSSION: O

Indexed as

Air PollutionEnvironmental ExposureMultiple SclerosisOzoneAdolescentCase-Control StudiesChildFemaleHumansItalyMalePedigreeOzoneMultiple sclerosisOzone pollutionPediatric onsetRisk factor

Identifiers

PMID41770337

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.