Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41770316›Full record

ArticleUrolithiasis2026

Comparative evaluation of temperature generation during laser lithotripsy: thulium fiber laser, pulsed thulium: YAG, and holmium: YAG with pulse modulation in an ex vivo porcine kidney model.

Bruce Gao, Tyler Sheetz, Aymon Ali, Luke Griffiths, Harel Sims, Helen Gao, Tiffany R Huang, Yezan Hadidi, Seyedamirvala Saadat, Jamie Finegan and 4 more

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Urolithiasis, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Bruce GaoDepartment of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, USA. bruceg1@hs.uci.edu.
Tyler SheetzDepartment of Urology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, USA.
Aymon AliDepartment of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, USA.
Luke GriffithsDepartment of Urology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, USA.
Harel SimsDepartment of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, USA.
Helen GaoDepartment of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, USA.
Tiffany R HuangDepartment of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, USA.
Yezan HadidiDepartment of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, USA.
Seyedamirvala SaadatDepartment of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, USA.
Jamie FineganDepartment of Urology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, USA.
Vi NguyenDepartment of Urology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, USA.
Sirpi NackeeranDepartment of Urology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, USA.
Seth K BechisDepartment of Urology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, USA.
Roshan M PatelDepartment of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy results in heat generation, raising concern for thermal injury. As laser platforms evolve, comparative assessment of their thermal profiles is increasingly important. This study presents the first comparative evaluation of temperature generation using three contemporary systems: pulsed thulium: YAG (Tm: YAG; Dornier Thulio), thulium fiber laser (TFL; Olympus SOLTIVE), holmium: YAG with pulse modulation (MOSES 2.0; Boston Scientific MOSES 2.0) using manufacturer-recommended dusting settings in an ex vivo porcine kidney model. Eighteen porcine kidney–ureter units were implanted with renal pelvic temperature probes and Bego stones. Specimens were randomized to one of three lithotripsy systems (n = 6 per group; one MOSES specimen excluded). A flexible ureteroscope was introduced via a 35 cm 10/12Fr ureteral access sheath, followed by 10 min of near-continuous dusting using 200 μm fibers (0.3 J/50Hz for TFL and Tm: YAG; 0.3 J/60 Hz for MOSES 2.0). Pressurized irrigation was maintained at 100-150mmHg. Outcomes included absolute temperature change, total energy delivered, and temperature increase normalized to energy (°C/kJ). The greatest mean temperature rise was observed with TFL (8.13 ± 1.96 °C), followed by pulsed Tm: YAG (4.12 ± 1.26 °C) and MOSES 2.0 (3.32 ± 1.84 °C). TFL demonstrated significantly greater heat generation than Tm: YAG (p = 0.0031) and MOSES 2.0 (p = 0.0010). When temperature was adjusted for energy delivery, TFL (1.09 ± 0.30 °C/kJ) surpassed both Tm: YAG (0.47 ± 0.14 °C/kJ; p = 0.0007) and MOSES 2.0 (0.31 ± 0.18 °C/kJ; p = 0.0001). No specimen exceeded temperatures of 43 °C. In this ex vivo setting, TFL was associated with higher heat generation relative to both pulsed Tm: YAG and MOSES 2.0; however, all systems remained below accepted thermal safety thresholds under the tested conditions (43 °C).

Indexed as

Hot TemperatureKidneyKidney CalculiLasers, Solid-StateLithotripsy, LaserAnimalsSwineThuliumUreteroscopyThuliumHolmiumLaserTemperatureThuliumUreteroscopy

Identifiers

PMID41770316
PMCPMC12953331

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.