Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41769970›Full record

ArticleCurrent protocols2026

Assessment of Bone Regeneration in Rabbit Calvarial Defects Treated With Mineralized Collagen-Based Scaffolds Using In Vivo MicroCT and Three-Dimensional Rendering.

Youngnam Kang, Kaavian Shariati, Catherine T Cascavita, Wei Chen, Meiwand Bedar, Xiaoyan Ren, Shili Xu, Justine C Lee

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Current protocols, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Youngnam KangDivision of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4794-3298
Kaavian ShariatiDivision of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0453-4275
Catherine T CascavitaDivision of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5828-3515
Wei ChenDivision of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3800-6751
Meiwand BedarDivision of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1747-6665
Xiaoyan RenDivision of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0622-7412
Shili XuDepartment of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4933-8673
Justine C LeeDivision of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8943-0837

Funding

NIH HHS
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cranial bone regeneration requires coordinated interactions among host cells, extracellular matrices, and the local biomechanical environment to restore both mineralized tissue and structural protection of the brain. Mineralized collagen-glycosaminoglycan (MC-GAG) scaffolds recapitulate key features of native bone matrix and have demonstrated osteogenic potential in preclinical calvarial defect models; yet, robust, quantitative methods are needed to evaluate defect bridging, mineral density, and microarchitectural maturation in vivo. In vivo microcomputed tomography (microCT) enables nondestructive, three-dimensional (3D) assessment of craniofacial healing with spatial detail sufficient to characterize mineral distribution and structural connectivity across large defects. Here, we describe an integrated workflow that combines scaffold implantation in a rabbit critical-sized calvarial defect model with standardized in vivo microCT imaging and 3D computational rendering. The framework includes scaffold fabrication and preparation, surgical creation of a critical-sized calvarial defect with scaffold placement, and in vivo microCT imaging at a single endpoint (6 months post-surgery). Image datasets are visualized and analyzed using reproducible segmentation software (i.e., ORS Dragonfly) to examine defect repair and extract quantitative intensity- and volume-based metrics, including mineralized tissue volume, mineral density, and microarchitectural parameters. This standardized approach supports objective, image-based comparison of scaffold designs and treatment strategies, facilitating rigorous evaluation of cranial bone regeneration and accelerating the development of bone-regenerative biomaterials. © 2026 The Author(s). Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Fabrication of mineralized collagen-based scaffolds Basic Protocol 2: Surgical creation of rabbit calvarial defects with scaffold implantation and in vivo microCT scanning Basic Protocol 3: In vivo microCT data visualization, rendering, and analysis of MC-GAG scaffolds-implanted rabbit calvarial bone defect.

Indexed as

Bone RegenerationCollagenImaging, Three-DimensionalSkullTissue ScaffoldsX-Ray MicrotomographyAnimalsRabbitsCollagen3D image segmentationbone regenerationcollagen‐based scaffoldsin vivo microCTrabbit calvarial defect model

Identifiers

PMID41769970
PMCPMC12951822

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.