ArticleInternational forum of allergy & rhinology2026
Olfactory Bulb Volume Reflects Olfactory Dysfunction and Network Organization: Insights From the Population-Based Rhineland Study.
Article in International forum of allergy & rhinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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- Multi-matrix copper exposure is associated with reduced olfactory bulb volume and odor sensitivity in adolescents.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
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Abstract
backgroundOlfactory dysfunction is common in aging and an early symptom of neurodegenerative diseases, but how structural (olfactory bulb [OB] volume) and functional (olfactory network [OFN] functional connectivity [FC]) brain features interact to shape odor identification ability remains unclear. Therefore, we assessed the interrelations among OB volume, OFN FC, and odor identification ability in a large population-based cohort.
methodsUsing cross-sectional data from 5605 participants of the Rhineland Study (age range: 30-95 years), we extracted OB volume and OFN FC from 3T MRI scans. Odor identification was examined with the 12-item "Sniffin' Sticks" test. Using linear regression, we examined the relations between OB volume, OFN FC, and odor identification.
resultsA smaller OB was associated with worse odor identification (standardized β = 0.09, 95% confidence interval: 0.06-0.12). This association was stronger in men and strongest in older individuals of both sexes. Only in participants with a large OB, lower OFN FC was significantly associated with worse odor identification (standardized β between 0.03 and 0.12), especially among older participants (62-95 years) and in memory-related regions (hippocampus, amygdala, and orbitofrontal cortex).
conclusionOur findings demonstrate the importance of OB volume in detecting olfactory dysfunction. Moreover, they reveal that the OB contributes to odor identification both directly and by modulating central network function, offering new insights into olfactory dysfunction as a potential biomarker for neurodegeneration.
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