Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41769840›Full record

ArticleThe American journal of bioethics : AJOB2026

Reasonable to Whom? Rethinking Informed Consent Disclosures in Light of the Research Related Concerns of the Autistic Community.

Manisha Khatiwada, Dana Howard, Tema Krempley, Katherine Walton, Crystal Williams, Abraham David Graber

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in The American journal of bioethics : AJOB, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Manisha KhatiwadaThe Ohio State University.
Dana HowardThe Ohio State University.ORCID 0000-0001-7793-2912
Tema KrempleyThe Ohio State University.ORCID 0009-0006-9704-3788
Katherine WaltonThe Ohio State University.ORCID 0000-0002-0542-6049
Crystal WilliamsUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.ORCID 0000-0003-1918-7058
Abraham David GraberCollege of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center.ORCID 0000-0002-8355-1638

Funding

ACL HHS 90ARCP0008
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Information disclosure during the informed consent process presents a dilemma. If too little information is presented, participants are unable to make an informed decision. Exhaustive disclosure is, however, a practical impossibility. In the United States, this dilemma was historically navigated in the research context by requiring that disclosure include enumerated items: the purpose of the research, potential risks, etc. In 2018, federal guidelines were updated to require that disclosure adhere to the reasonable person standard, whereby participants must be given all information that an "average" person would want to know. Drawing on the Autistic community's unique concerns regarding research, we argue that, because of its emphasis on the informational wants of the "average" person, the reasonable person standard systematically fails to meet the informational needs of (many) people from minoritized populations. We argue for an individualized understanding of the reasonable person standard and provide recommendations for research teams.

Indexed as

Autistic DisorderBiomedical ResearchDisclosureInformed ConsentResearch SubjectsEthical DilemmasEthics, ResearchHumansUnited StatesAutisminformed consentneurodiversityreasonable person standardresearch ethics

Identifiers

PMID41769840
PMCPMC13238933

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.