Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41769684›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2026

Advances in the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis: from synthetic and natural drugs to novel drug delivery systems.

Xiangran Kong, Lin Fan, Dawei He, Lin Wang, Jiang Sun

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Xiangran KongGraduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
Lin FanDepartment of Periodontics and Oral Mucosa Disease, Stomatological Hospital of Dalian University (Dalian Stomatological Hospital), Dalian, China.
Dawei HeDepartment of Periodontics and Oral Mucosa Disease, Stomatological Hospital of Dalian University (Dalian Stomatological Hospital), Dalian, China.
Lin WangDepartment of Periodontics and Oral Mucosa Disease, Stomatological Hospital of Dalian University (Dalian Stomatological Hospital), Dalian, China.
Jiang SunDepartment of Periodontics and Oral Mucosa Disease, Stomatological Hospital of Dalian University (Dalian Stomatological Hospital), Dalian, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), the most common inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa, has a complex etiology and diverse pathogenesis. To date, no curative treatment exists. Recurrent oral ulcers severely impair patients' quality of life, making the development of highly effective and safe therapeutic strategies an urgent priority in current clinical research. Method: Literature references were sourced from publications retrieved via searches on GeenMedical, X-mol, CNKI, and PubMed using the search terms "recurrent aphthous stomatitis" OR "recurrent aphthous ulcer" OR "oral ulcer" AND "treatment" in English and Chinese. The focus was on two dimensions: drug types and delivery systems. Results: Synthetic drugs such as corticosteroids have clear efficacy, but their potential adverse reactions limit their long-term use. In contrast, natural medicinal components such as licorice and quercetin are gaining increasing attention because of their multitarget mechanisms of action, favorable safety profiles, and therapeutic effects. With respect to delivery systems, novel adhesion agents, microneedles, and nanomedicines currently in development have been evaluated. These advantages include prolonged retention time on ulcer surfaces, enhanced biosafety, improved therapeutic efficacy, and current limitations. Conclusion: Natural medicines have potential as novel therapeutic options with high efficacy and safety in clinical settings. By enhancing local drug retention and amplifying therapeutic effects, novel delivery systems open new avenues for RAS therapy. Integrating the therapeutic advantages of natural medicines with the precision and sustained-release characteristics of advanced delivery systems represents a key direction for future research.

Indexed as

drug delivery systemMicroneedlenatural drugsrecurrent aphthous stomatitissynthetic drugs

Identifiers

PMID41769684
PMCPMC12946673

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.