ArticleFrontiers in nutrition2026
Micronutrient supplementation among adults following restrictive diets in Riyadh: a cross-sectional study.
Article in Frontiers in nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The growing adoption of restrictive dietary regimens has raised concerns regarding micronutrient adequacy; however, evidence from Saudi Arabia remains limited. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 Saudi adults aged 18-45 years living in Riyadh between December 2024 and March 2025. Participants completed a validated online questionnaire capturing sociodemographic characteristics, dietary regimen, and micronutrient supplementation patterns. Statistical analyses comprised descriptive statistics, the chi-squared test, and Fisher's exact tests to assess associations between dietary regimens and supplement use, and a multivariable logistic regression analysis to evaluate the association between diet adherence duration and micronutrient consumption. Results: Overall, 45.1% of participants reported using micronutrient supplements. Vitamin D was the most frequently consumed vitamin, while iron was the most commonly used mineral across all diet types. Supplement use was highest among individuals following gluten-free (75%), ketogenic (66.7%), and low-carbohydrate (64.1%) diets. Significant associations were identified between specific dietary regimens and supplementation with vitamins A, D, K, and B12 and minerals, including calcium, potassium, and selenium. Additionally, longer adherence to certain dietary regimens, particularly intermittent fasting and the combined "Other Diets" group, was significantly associated with higher odds of micronutrient supplementation. Conclusion: Micronutrient supplementation is highly prevalent among individuals following restrictive diets in Riyadh, with specific regimens such as gluten-free, ketogenic, and low-carbohydrate diets showing greater dependence on supplements. Moreover, the increased likelihood of supplement use among individuals adhering to certain diets for longer durations highlights the significance of monitoring nutritional adequacy over time. These findings underscore the need for targeted dietary counselling and public health strategies that promote balanced nutrition according to popular diet trends.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.