Observational studyJNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association2025
Utilization of Antimicrobial Agents in Intensive Care Units of Tertiary Care Hospital: An Observational Study.
Observational study in JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Escalating Use of Antimicrobial Agents in Tertiary Hospitals: A Balancing Act in Preventing Hospital-Acquired infections.JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: The rising incidence of antibiotic resistance is a global threat. Monitoring antibiotic use is one of the strategies to address this issue. Intensive Care Units (ICUs) have high prevalence of antibiotic use and multidrug-resistant organisms. This study aims to study the status of antibiotic usage within the ICU in a tertiary care center. Methods: An observational cross-section study was conducted from July 15, 2021 to December 20, 2021 in the adult intensive care unit and record section of a tertiary care hospital of Nepal after approval from Institutional Review Committee. Data were collected from medical records of patients admitted to the ICU from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2020 and who received antibiotics. Data were presented in terms of days of therapy per 1000 patient days (DOT/1000PD). Results: Total antibiotic consumption increased from 324.2 DOT/1000 PD in 2018 to 564.25 DOT/1000 PD in 2020. Consumption of Watch group antibiotic nearly doubled from 248.21 to 473.23 DOT/1000 PD, while Access antibiotics increased from 49.09 to 73.5 DOT/1000 PD. In contrast, Reserve group antibiotic usage declined from 26.91 to 17.49 DOT/1000 PD. In 2018, highest consumed antibiotics were piperacillin/tazobactam 57.89 (17.89%), azithromycin 53.98 (16.70%), ceftriaxone 49.58 (15.34%) and vancomycin 43.87 (13.57%) DOT/1000 PD. By 2020, their usage increased to 129.87 (23.02%), 69.38 (12.30%), 94.29 (16.71%), and 87.77 (15.55%) DOT/1000 PD respectively. Conclusions: Total antibiotic consumption increased over the years. There was a substantial rise in the use of Watch group antibiotics, particularly piperacillin/tazobactam, ceftriaxone, azithromycin, and vancomycin. Meanwhile, the use of Reserve group antibiotics declined during the same period.
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