Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41768759›Full record

ArticleACS omega2026

Multivariate Assessment of Groundwater Hydrochemistry for Drinking and Irrigation in the Flood-Prone District Dadu, Sindh, Pakistan.

Ghulam Murtaza Arain, Nazia Sattar, Sumaira Khatoon, Nabeel Ali Khan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in ACS omega, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Ghulam Murtaza ArainPakistan Council of Research in Water Resources, Main University Road, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6998-2896
Nazia SattarPakistan Council of Research in Water Resources, Main University Road, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
Sumaira KhatoonCentre of Excellence in Marine Biology (CEMB), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
Nabeel Ali KhanPakistan Council of Research in Water Resources, Main University Road, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7308-2368

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Groundwater quality in the flood-prone District Dadu, Sindh, was evaluated through an integrated physicochemical, microbiological, irrigation, and multivariate assessment. A total of 159 groundwater samples from subdistrict Khairpur Nathan Shah were analyzed against the WHO, NDWQS, and international irrigation guidelines. Results showed that although pH remained within acceptable limits, severe salinity, hardness, and ion-exchange processes dominated the hydrochemistry, with TDS reaching 22,900 mg/L and chloride up to 6357 mg/L. Microbial contamination was widespread, with total coliforms detected in 87.4% of samples and

Identifiers

PMID41768759
PMCPMC12946953

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.