Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41768270›Full record

ReviewSpace science reviews2026

The High-Energy Ion Telescope (HIT) for the Interstellar Mapping And Acceleration Probe (IMAP) Mission.

E R Christian, J G Mitchell, A Bruno, D Albaijes, S Bailey Newman, R C Boggs, M K Choi, C M S Cohen, W R Cook, Y S Darwish and 36 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Space science reviews, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. The IMAP Observatory Overview.Space science reviews · 2026
    Review
  4. Review
  5. GLObal Solar Wind Structure (GLOWS).Space science reviews · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

46 authors.

E R ChristianGoddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2134-3937
J G MitchellGoddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
A BrunoGoddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
D AlbaijesGoddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
S Bailey NewmanGoddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
R C BoggsGoddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
M K ChoiGoddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
C M S CohenCalifornia Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
W R CookCalifornia Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
Y S DarwishKennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, FL 32899 USA.
A J DavisCalifornia Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
G A de NolfoGoddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
J J DumonthierGoddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
R D GarnettJohns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
M GkioulidouJohns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
K J GregoryGoddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
D Guzman GarciaGoddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
J P HaasGoddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
C HollenhorstGoddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
M JeunonGoddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
M A KaiserGoddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
S G KanekalGoddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
B KecmanCalifornia Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
R A LeskeCalifornia Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
J D LetzerDepartment of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
I Liceaga IndartGoddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
D J McComasDepartment of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
B McNeelGoddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
G D MuroCalifornia Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
J T NolanGoddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
M OgindoGoddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
P PetrowichGoddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
W J ReavesGoddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
T P RosnackGoddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
N SaghafiGoddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
C L SalernoGoddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
N A SchwadronSpace Science Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
M A SilberGoddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
E S SmithGoddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
M T SmithGoddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
G SuárezGoddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
T TatoliGoddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
C P TiuGoddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
M E WiedenbeckJPL, Pasadena, CA 91011 USA.
M H WindhausenGoddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
Z XuCalifornia Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe (IMAP; McComas et al. in Space Sci Rev 214:116, 2018a; McComas et al. in Space Sci Rev 221:100, 2025) is a NASA mission designed to study two of the most important issues in heliophysics: the interaction of the solar wind with the local interstellar medium and the acceleration of energetic particles. These two puzzles are surprisingly intertwined because particle acceleration in the inner heliosphere plays a large role in the interactions at the edge of the heliosphere. The ten instruments on IMAP, situated near the Earth-Sun L1 Lagrange point, include both in situ and remote-sensing observations and are designed to work together to explore these questions. The High-energy Ion Telescope (HIT), described herein, measures in situ ions from hydrogen through nickel at energies ranging from a few MeV/nucleon to some tens of MeV/nucleon, depending upon species. While the primary focus of HIT is Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs), HIT is also sensitive to Anomalous Cosmic Rays (ACRs) and Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCRs) that are also present at these energies. Working with the other IMAP instruments, HIT studies how the variation in SEP intensities, spectra, anisotropies, and composition inform the acceleration processes that generate these particles, and, in turn, how these high-energy particles affect the outer heliosphere. This paper details the design and operation of the HIT instrument.

Identifiers

PMID41768270
PMCPMC12948803

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.