ArticleRegenerative biomaterials2026
Development and optimization of electrophoretically deposited octacalcium phosphate-collagen film as bone analogues.
Article in Regenerative biomaterials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The hierarchical architecture of bone, characterized at the nanoscale, is defined by mineralized collagen fibrils with a disordered, hydrated, carboxylate-rich mineral surface, presenting a complexity often absent in conventional hydroxyapatite (HA) models. Here, we report the design of biomimetic octacalcium phosphate (OCP)-collagen films that reproduce both the crystalline mineral core and the citrate-rich disordered surface of native bone. Phase-pure OCP and citrate-incorporated OCP (OCP-CIT) were synthesized via pH-regulated hydrolysis of α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) under physiological conditions, with citrate inducing structural heterogeneity analogous to natural bone mineral. Electrophoretic deposition facilitated the integration of these minerals into collagen films, aided by hyaluronic acid (HyAc), which stabilized colloidal suspensions by adjusting the zeta potential from -5 to -25 mV and dialysis against DI water by lowering conductivity from ∼30 to 0.01 mS/cm. The resulting films exhibited a collagen-mineral composite composed predominantly of apatitic orthophosphates (74% by ³
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