Observational studyPain research & management2026
Predictors of Long-Term Response to Ganglion Impar Block With or Without Caudal Epidural Steroid Injection in Chronic Coccydynia: A Retrospective Study.
Observational study in Pain research & management, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Predictors of Long-Term Response to Ganglion Impar Block With or Without Caudal Epidural Steroid Injection in Chronic Coccydynia: A Retrospective Study.Pain research & management · 2026Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Ganglion impar block (GIB) is a commonly used interventional option for refractory chronic coccydynia. Caudal epidural steroid injection (CESI) targets the sacral and coccygeal roots and may theoretically augment the analgesic efficacy of GIB. Evidence comparing GIB alone with a combined GIB and CESI approach, however, remains limited. This study compared long-term pain outcomes after GIB monotherapy versus GIB combined with CESI. Methods: In this retrospective single-center study (Jan 2020-May 2025), we evaluated 56 adults with chronic coccydynia who underwent GIB alone (Group A) or in combination with CESI (Group B). Pain intensity was assessed using the 11-point numeric rating scale (NRS-11) at baseline and at 1 h, 1 month, and 6 months after the procedure. Multivariable logistic regression was used to explore predictors of 6-month response, including early postprocedural pain change and sex. Results: Significant improvements in pain intensity were observed in both groups and sustained over 6 months. Responder rates at 6 months were comparable between the GIB-only (41.7%) and GIB with CESI (45.0%) groups ( Conclusions: In this single-center retrospective cohort, GIB was associated with sustained pain relief in a substantial proportion of patients with chronic coccydynia, while the addition of CESI did not confer a clear incremental benefit. Importantly, immediate postprocedural pain relief served as a robust predictor of long-term success, whereas male sex was identified as a negative prognostic factor. Prospective, adequately powered randomized trials are needed to confirm these exploratory findings and to refine patient selection for GIB-based interventions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.