Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41767790›Full record

ArticleJournal of nursing management2026

A 360-Degree View of Unprofessional Behaviours Between Nurses and Between Nurses and Medical Colleagues: A Secondary Analysis of a Mixed-Method Evaluation.

Kathleen L Bagot, Ryan D McMullan, Johanna I Westbrook, Ling Li, Tim Badgery-Parker, Rachel Urwin, Sandy Middleton, Elizabeth McInnes

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of nursing management, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Kathleen L BagotNursing Research Institute, St Vincent's Health Network Sydney, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne and Australian Catholic University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, svhm.org.au.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2895-4327
Ryan D McMullanAustralian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, mq.edu.au.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4992-3626
Johanna I WestbrookAustralian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, mq.edu.au.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1083-8192
Ling LiAustralian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, mq.edu.au.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1642-142X
Tim Badgery-ParkerAustralian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, mq.edu.au.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1275-1130
Rachel UrwinAustralian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, mq.edu.au.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7026-8043
Sandy MiddletonNursing Research Institute, St Vincent's Health Network Sydney, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne and Australian Catholic University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, svhm.org.au.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7201-4394
Elizabeth McInnesNursing Research Institute, St Vincent's Health Network Sydney, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne and Australian Catholic University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, svhm.org.au.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0567-9679

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Unprofessional behaviour negatively affects staff and patient safety and wellbeing and organisational culture. It typically involves one perpetrator and target/s, as well as staff who may witness, report or respond to the incident, while positive behaviours may buffer experiences. Understanding nurses' experiences across these roles may support reducing unprofessional behaviour. This is the first 360° view of the roles that nurses play in unprofessional behaviour. Aims: To examine the frequency, type, severity and impact of unprofessional behaviours between nurses and between nurses and medical personnel; the experiences of reporting and responding unprofessional behaviours; and if nurses acknowledge or exhibit positive behaviours. Method: Secondary analysis of a mixed-method study evaluating an all-staff professional accountability program ( Results: Nurses exhibited unprofessional behaviours (perpetrators), most commonly towards other nurses (62%-90%) and were the targets of nurses (47%-70%) and medical colleagues (4%-34%). Nurses frequently observed unprofessional behaviour, with 51% witnessed it at least weekly. Many (46%) were not comfortable responding, with 44% believing they would not be considered seriously (reporters). Nurses indicated having the skills (83%) and training (87%) to respond to unprofessional incidents. However, they frequently used workarounds (interview theme) or reported insufficient time. Nurses frequently acknowledged others' positive behaviours ( Conclusion: Nurses' roles in unprofessional behaviour may include perpetrator, target, observer, reporter, responder and buffer. Individual and organisational-wide approaches are required to confidently address unprofessional behaviours. Multifaceted culture change programs are needed.

Indexed as

Interprofessional RelationsNursesProfessional MisconductAdultAttitude of Health PersonnelAustraliaCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedOrganizational CultureQualitative ResearchSurveys and QuestionnairesWorkplace

Identifiers

PMID41767790
PMCPMC12949075

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.