ArticleExploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy2026
Pharmacy robberies and occupational safety risks: A national cross-sectional study of community pharmacies.
Article in Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Community pharmacies face substantial exposure to workplace violence. However, pharmacy robberies remain critically under-studied. No robust investigation has examined robbery risk in community pharmacies in Jordan or the broader Middle East region, representing a significant research gap. Aim: To quantify robbery exposure in community pharmacies, identify perceived pharmacy-level risk factors for robbery, and compare risk perceptions between pharmacists with and without robbery exposure. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional survey. A self-administered questionnaire with demonstrated content validity (CVR ≥ 0.74) and internal consistency (Cronbach's α > 0.70) was used. Data from 975 respondents were analyzed using chi-square tests with Cramer's V and multivariable logistic regression; ethical approval was obtained from the institutional review board. Results: Robbery exposure was reported by 4.3% of respondents and was significantly more frequent among men and pharmacists aged >30 years ( Conclusion: Robberies, alongside widespread dangerous and aggressive customer behavior, pose meaningful risks in community pharmacies. Differences between pharmacists exposed and not exposed to robbery in how they evaluated pharmacy-level robbery risk factors, together with the strong influence of offender- and behavior-related factors on robbery exposure underscoring the need for evidence-informed security policies, minimum staffing standards, and training to recognize and manage high-risk customer interactions.
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