Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41767436›Full record

ArticleJournal of diabetes and metabolic disorders2026

Metabolites and proteins may mediate the relationship between diet quality and insulin sensitivity in young adult cohort.

Elizabeth Costello, Jesse A Goodrich, Brittney O Baumert, Shiwen Li, Shudi Pan, William B Patterson, Douglas I Walker, Sarah Rock, Frank D Gilliland, Michael I Goran and 6 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Elizabeth CostelloDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5094-9017
Jesse A GoodrichDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA.
Brittney O BaumertDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1220-8557
Shiwen LiDepartment of Public Health Sciences, Thompson School of Social Work and Public Health, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI USA.
Shudi PanDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA.
William B PattersonDepartment of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA.
Douglas I WalkerGangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA.
Sarah RockDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA.
Frank D GillilandDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA.
Michael I GoranDepartment of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, The Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA USA.
Max T AungDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA.
Sandrah P EckelDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA.
Tanya L AldereteDepartment of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA.
Zhanghua ChenDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA.
David V ContiDepartment of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO USA.
Lida ChatziDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA.

Funding

Translational Research Support CoreP30ES007048 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI ROB S MCCONNELL · 1996 to 2026
$46.4M
Southern California Superfund Research and Training Program for PFAS Assessment, Remediation, and Prevention (ShARP)P42ES036506 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI Jane Karen Steinberg · 2025 to 2026
$8.2M
NIEHS NIH HHS P30 ES007048NIEHS NIH HHS P42 ES036506
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Purpose: Poor diet quality is a known risk factor for type 2 diabetes and related outcomes, including declines in insulin sensitivity. Biological changes that occur in response to diet may explain this relationship. Methods: This study was conducted in a cohort of young adults (the MetaAIR study, Results: Each point increase in HEI was associated with a 0.051 (95% CI:0.004, 0.098) point increase in Matsuda Index. Four potential mediators were identified using HIMA: three metabolites (5Z,8Z,11Z-eicosatrienoic acid, pipecolic acid, and biotin), and one protein (F9). Each of these features exhibited a positive indirect effect and independently mediated between 35 and 43% of the total effect. No miRNAs were selected as potential mediators. Conclusion: These findings suggest that specific metabolites and proteins may mediate the association between diet and diabetes-related outcomes such as declines in insulin sensitivity, likely through pathways related to inflammation. F9, biotin, pipecolic acid, and 5Z,8Z,11Z-eicosatrienoic acid may be potential targets for monitoring efforts for diet adherence or disease prevention. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-026-01918-3.

Indexed as

DietInsulin sensitivityMetabolomicsMulti-omics studyProteomics

Identifiers

PMID41767436
PMCPMC12946319

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.