Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41767333›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of ophthalmology2026

Depression induces ocular surface inflammation and dry eye-like changes in mice.

Xiang Lin, Yu-Wen Liu, Jia-Ni Li, Wei-Jie Ouyang, Li-Ying Tang, Jie-Li Wu, Zhao-Lin Liu, Shi-Nan Wu, Jiao-Yue Hu, Zu-Guo Liu

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in International journal of ophthalmology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

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No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Xiang LinDepartment of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University; Eye Institute of Xiamen University; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science; Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine; School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province, China.
Yu-Wen LiuXiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province, China.
Jia-Ni LiXiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province, China.
Wei-Jie OuyangXiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province, China.
Li-Ying TangXiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province, China.
Jie-Li WuXiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province, China.
Zhao-Lin LiuXiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province, China.
Shi-Nan WuXiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province, China.
Jiao-Yue HuDepartment of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University; Eye Institute of Xiamen University; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science; Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine; School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province, China.
Zu-Guo LiuXiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimTo investigate the impact of depression-like behavior on ocular surface homeostasis in a mouse model, with a focus on dry eye-like alterations.

methodsMale C57BL/6J mice (10-12 weeks old) were randomly assigned to control or restraint stress (RS) groups. The RS group underwent three intermittent 24-hour restraint sessions to induce depressive-like behavior. Behavioral testing, tear secretion measurement, and corneal Oregon Green Dextran (OGD) staining were performed. Postmortem analyses included histological evaluation of lacrimal glands, goblet cell quantification using periodic acid-Schiff staining, and assessment of key inflammatory and apoptotic markers: interleukin (IL)-17, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-3, MMP-9, IL-13, interferon (IFN)-γ, and cleaved caspase-3 and -8.

resultsRepeated RS induced depression-like behavior and significant ocular surface changes. RS-treated mice showed increased corneal OGD uptake and upregulation of gene/protein expression of IL-17, MMP-3, and MMP-9 (

conclusionRepeated RS leads to ocular surface inflammation and dry eye-like pathology, including corneal barrier disruption, goblet cell loss, and epithelial apoptosis. These findings suggest that depression contributes to the pathogenesis of dry eye disease

Indexed as

depressiondry eyeinflammationmiceocular surface damagerestraint stress

Identifiers

PMID41767333
PMCPMC12945606

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.