Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41766483›Full record

ArticleEpidemiology and infection2026

Paediatric infection hospital admissions in England before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Charlotte Jackson, Linda Wijlaars, Fariyo Abdullahi, Mengyun Liu, Ali Judd, Claire Thorne, Intira Jeannie Collins, Costanza Di Chiara, Pia Hardelid

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Epidemiology and infection, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Charlotte JacksonMRC Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8544-7685
Linda WijlaarsUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK.
Fariyo AbdullahiUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK.
Mengyun LiuUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK.
Ali JuddMRC Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, UK.
Claire ThorneUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK.
Intira Jeannie CollinsMRC Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, UK.
Costanza Di ChiaraUniversity of Padua, Italy.
Pia HardelidUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK.

Funding

Medical Research Council MC_UU_00004/03NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic and associated non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) reduced transmission of other infections. We quantified changes in hospital admission rates for respiratory and gastrointestinal infections among young children in England during and after implementation of NPIs, compared to pre-pandemic, and variations by sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Children aged <5 years at any time between 1 January 2017 and 31 January 2022 were followed from birth or 1 January 2017, until their 5th birthday, death, or 31 January 2022, within a birth cohort based on Hospital Episode Statistics data. Quarterly emergency admission rates for respiratory and gastrointestinal infections from April-June 2020 onwards were compared to corresponding quarters in 2017-2019 using Poisson regression, with and without interaction terms for time period and sociodemographic/clinical characteristics. Admission rates for respiratory and gastrointestinal infections were lower in April-June 2020 compared to this quarter pre-pandemic (incidence rate ratio (99% CI) 0.17 (0.17-0.18) for respiratory; 0.29 (0.28-0.31) for gastrointestinal). Rates remained below pre-pandemic levels until April-June 2021 (respiratory infections) and July-September 2021 (gastrointestinal infections), subsequently increasing above the corresponding pre-pandemic quarters. Changes in rates did not differ by sociodemographic/clinical characteristics. These results can inform planning for future pandemics and their aftermath.

Indexed as

COVID-19Gastrointestinal DiseasesHospitalizationRespiratory Tract InfectionsChild, PreschoolEnglandFemaleHumansInfantInfant, NewbornMalePandemicsSARS-CoV-2Child healthCOVID-19Electronic health recordsHospitalizationInfectionsNon-pharmaceutical interventions

Identifiers

PMID41766483
PMCPMC13100922

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.