ArticleMaternal health, neonatology and perinatology2026
Improvement in Th1/Th2 balance and endometrial receptivity after hysteroscopic surgery in patients with cesarean scar disorder: a case report.
Article in Maternal health, neonatology and perinatology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
caseCesarean scar disorders (CSDi) are a cause of secondary infertility. However, their etiology remains unclear. There are no reports describing the association between CSDi and Th1/Th2 balance or endometrial receptivity analysis. In this case, a 37-year-old G1P1 woman with a history of cesarean section was referred to our clinic for the treatment of secondary infertility and was treated with artificial reproductive technology. Despite five attempts of good blastocyst transfer, the patient did not become pregnant. The patient was finally diagnosed with CSDi and underwent hysteroscopic surgery. OUTCOME: After surgery, the Th1/Th2 ratio improved from 25.6 to 10.8, and endometrial receptivity returned to receptive. Five months after the operation, the patient underwent frozen embryo transfer, which led to live birth.
conclusionThis report provides new insights into the etiology of CSDi. CSDi causes anatomical changes and can evoke a Th1/Th2 imbalance and inflammation in the uterine cavity, leading to secondary infertility.
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