Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41765891›Full record

ArticleParticle and fibre toxicology2026

Associations of prenatal fine particulate matter mixtures with neurodevelopmental outcomes in early childhood: component- and source-specific insights.

Haonan Li, Elizabeth A Holzhausen, Devendra Paudel, Nathan D Young, Jonatan Ottino-González, Frederick W Lurmann, Douglas I Walker, Howard H Chang, Donghai Liang, Ravi Bansal and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Particle and fibre toxicology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Haonan LiDepartment of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.
Elizabeth A HolzhausenDepartment of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.
Devendra PaudelDepartment of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.
Nathan D YoungDepartment of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.
Jonatan Ottino-GonzálezDepartment of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and the Department of Psychiatry at the Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
Frederick W LurmannSonoma Technology, Inc, Petaluma, USA.
Douglas I WalkerGangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA.
Howard H ChangDepartment of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA.
Donghai LiangGangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA.
Ravi BansalDepartment of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and the Department of Psychiatry at the Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
Michael I GoranDepartment of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and the Department of Psychiatry at the Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
Bradley S PetersonDepartment of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and the Department of Psychiatry at the Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
Tanya L AldereteDepartment of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA. taldere1@jhu.edu.

Funding

Southern California Center for Chronic Health Disparities in Latino Children and Families.P50MD017344 · NIMHD · CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL OF LOS ANGELES · PI GORAN, MICHAEL ISAAC · 2021 to 2025
$27.8M
Traning Program in Environmental Health SciencesT32ES007141 · NIEHS · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Marsha Wills-Karp · 1985 to 2026
$22.2M
Impact of Sugars and Human Milk Oligosaccharides on Infant Microbiome and ObesityR01DK110793 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI GORAN, MICHAEL ISAAC, PETERSON, BRADLEY S · 2017 to 2024
$6.0M
Pilot Project ProgramP30ES032756 · NIEHS · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Marsha Wills-Karp · 2022 to 2026
$6.0M
Perfluoroalkyl Substances and the Gut Microbiome and Fecal Metabolome: Implications for Obesity Risk in Hispanic ChildrenR01ES035035 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO · PI Tanya Lynn Alderete · 2023 to 2026
$2.6M
Pre- and Postnatal Exposure to Air Pollutants and the Gut Microbiome: Implications for Brain Development in Early and Mid-ChildhoodR01ES035056 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO · PI Tanya Lynn Alderete, BRADLEY S PETERSON · 2024 to 2026
$2.1M
Vertical Microbiome Transmission: Implications for Infant GrowthK01MD020215 · NIMHD · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI HOLZHAUSEN, ELIZABETH A · 2024 to 2025
$656k
Gerber Foundation 15PN-013Health Effects Institute Rosenblith AwardNIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK110793NIEHS NIH HHS P30 ES032756NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES035035NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES035056NIEHS NIH HHS T32 ES007141NIEHS NIH HHS T32 ES007141-41NIMHD NIH HHS K01 MD020215NIMHD NIH HHS P50 MD017344
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study investigates independent and joint effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) components on early childhood neurodevelopment and explores emission sources of key toxic components. We included 165 mother-infant dyads from Southern California. Annual average concentrations of 15 PM2.5 components, including carbonaceous components, secondary inorganic salts, and trace elements, were estimated for the birth year. Neurodevelopment across cognitive, language, motor, social-emotional, and adaptive behavior domains was assessed at age 2 using Bayley-III Scales. Mixture effects and key contributors were evaluated using weighted quantile sum (WQS) and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR). Source inference was conducted through inter-component clustering and spatial analysis. Linear regression showed PM2.5, sulfate (SO42−), nitrate (NO3−), ammonium (NH4+), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and vanadium (V) were inversely, while calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) were positively, associated with adaptive behavior scores (p < 0.05). WQS showed negative associations between the mixture and adaptive behavior (p = 0.02–0.06), with Ni, Cu, V, and SO₄²⁻ as key contributors. BKMR showed similar trends. Ni, V, and SO42− likely originate from heavy oil combustion, and Cu from brake wear. Findings suggest that PM2.5 components, particularly from traffic and marine fuel combustion, may adversely affect adaptive behavior in early childhood.

Indexed as

Air PollutantsChild DevelopmentMaternal ExposureParticulate MatterPrenatal Exposure Delayed EffectsCaliforniaChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansNeurodevelopmentPregnancyAir PollutantsParticulate MatterAir pollutionBrainConstituentNon-exhaust emissionNon-tailpipe emissionOcean-going engineShippingTraffic

Identifiers

PMID41765891
PMCPMC12990619

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.