Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41764960›Full record

ArticlePoultry science2026

Co-immunization with two recombinant Newcastle disease viruses expressing ILTV gB and H9N2 AIV HA confers protective efficacy against three avian pathogens.

Li Li, Yu Shang, Qingqing Zhao, Helong Feng, Zhe Zeng, Qianni Xiao, Liren Jiang, Lun Yao, Zui Wang, Hongcai Wang and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Poultry science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Li LiKey Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430064, China.
Yu ShangKey Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China.
Qingqing ZhaoKey Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China.
Helong FengKey Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China.
Zhe ZengKey Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China.
Qianni XiaoKey Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China.
Liren JiangKey Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China.
Lun YaoKey Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China.
Zui WangKey Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China.
Hongcai WangKey Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China.
Guofu ChengCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430064, China.
Qingping LuoKey Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430064, China. Electronic address: qingping0523@163.com.
Guoyuan WenKey Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430064, China. Electronic address: wgy_524@163.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has been well established as a versatile vector platform for heterologous antigen delivery in poultry vaccine development. However, the prospects for combined application of two recombinant NDV (rNDV) vaccines remain poorly understood. In previous studies, we generated two rNDVs based on the thermostable TS09-C strain, expressing glycoprotein B (gB) of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) and hemagglutinin (HA) of the H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus (H9N2 AIV). In the present study, we evaluated the potential interference between the two rNDVs and using both in vitro and in vivo models. When two rNDVs co-infected BHK-21 and CEK cells, their viral replication kinetics and expression levels of heterologous antigens (gB and HA) were comparable to those in the respective single-virus infection groups. This finding indicates that the two rNDVs do not exhibit significant interference in vitro. SPF chickens co-immunized with the two rNDVs via intranasal and intraocular routes elicited effective H9N2-, ILTV-, and NDV-specific antibody responses comparable to those in the single-virus immunization group. Compared with control chickens, co-immunized chickens displayed milder clinical signs and reduced viral shedding following challenge with H9N2 AIV, ILTV, and NDV. Based on these findings, spray co-immunization was further tested in commercial chickens and proven to confer effective protection against challenges with NDV, H9N2 AIV, and ILTV. In conclusion, this study confirms the feasibility of co-immunization using the two rNDVs, thereby providing a highly viable strategy for the simultaneous control of multiple avian pathogens.

Indexed as

ChickensHemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza VirusHerpesviridae InfectionsHerpesvirus 1, GallidInfluenza A Virus, H9N2 SubtypeInfluenza in BirdsNewcastle DiseaseNewcastle disease virusPoultry DiseasesViral Envelope ProteinsViral VaccinesAnimalsImmunizationSpecific Pathogen-Free OrganismsVaccines, SyntheticGB protein, Infectious laryngotracheitis virusHemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza VirusVaccines, SyntheticViral Envelope ProteinsViral VaccinesCo-immunizationCoinfectionH9N2 AIVILTVNDV vector

Identifiers

PMID41764960
PMCPMC12966726

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.