Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41764393›Full record

ReviewJournal of water and health2026

Recurrent outbreaks of cholera in Nigeria: a narrative review on the role of conflict and climate change.

Bashar Haruna Gulumbe, Abdulrakib Abdulrahim, Ibrahim Idris, Yunusa Saheed, Kadai Alhaji Lawan

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of water and health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Bashar Haruna GulumbeDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Federal University, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0642-6902
Abdulrakib AbdulrahimDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2939-7086
Ibrahim IdrisDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto State, Sokoto, Nigeria.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2435-9870
Yunusa SaheedDepartment of Microbiology, Yobe State University, Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4570-4936
Kadai Alhaji LawanDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda E-mail: kadai@kiu.ac.ug.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1570-9686

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cholera remains a major public health problem in Nigeria, with recurrent outbreaks linked to weak water and sanitation services. We conducted a narrative review of published studies and reports and examined how conflict and climate variability contribute to cholera risk and how these drivers interact. Evidence shows that conflict increases cholera transmission mainly through population displacement, overcrowding, and the breakdown of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) systems, surveillance, and health services. Climate hazards, especially heavy rainfall, flooding, and drought, increase exposure to contaminated water and disrupt sanitation infrastructure, creating conditions that support the persistence and spread of

Indexed as

CholeraClimate ChangeDisease OutbreaksHumansNigeriaSanitationVibrio choleraecholeraclimate changeNigeriaWASHwaterborne disease

Identifiers

PMID41764393

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.