Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41764154›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

Heterogeneously integrated lithium tantalate-on-silicon nitride modulators for high-speed communications.

Jiachen Cai, Alexander Kotz, Hugo Larocque, Chengli Wang, Xinru Ji, Junyin Zhang, Daniel Drayss, Jiale Sun, Shuhang Zheng, Xin Ou and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Jiachen Cai *State Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0006-6217-7313
Alexander Kotz *Institute of Photonics and Quantum Electronics (IPQ), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0459-6759
Hugo Larocque *Institute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-5849-780X
Chengli WangState Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Xinru JiInstitute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7057-7786
Junyin ZhangInstitute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7597-8941
Daniel DrayssInstitute of Photonics and Quantum Electronics (IPQ), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.
Jiale SunInstitute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
Shuhang ZhengInstitute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
Xin OuState Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. ouxin@mail.sim.ac.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0316-9958
Christian KoosInstitute of Photonics and Quantum Electronics (IPQ), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany. christian.koos@kit.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2690-0691
Tobias J KippenbergInstitute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland. tobias.kippenberg@epfl.ch.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3408-886X

Funding

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) 403187440Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) 403188360EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020) 101187515Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (Swiss National Science Foundation) 216493Shanghai Science and Technology Development Foundation (Shanghai Science and Technology Development Fund) 24CL2901000
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Ultrabroadband integrated modulators involving materials beyond those available in silicon manufacturing increasingly rely on the Pockels effect. Among electro-optic materials, lithium tantalate offers comparable Pockels coefficients to lithium niobate but with significantly improved photostability, lower birefringence, higher optical damage threshold, and enhanced DC bias stability. Here we demonstrate wafer-scale heterogeneous integration of lithium tantalate films on low-loss silicon nitride photonic integrated circuits, achieving low optical losses ( ~ 14.2 dB/m) while combining the mature processing of silicon nitride waveguides with the ultrafast electro-optic response of thin-film lithium tantalate. The resulting devices achieve a 6 V half-wave voltage, and support modulation bandwidths of up to 100 GHz. We use single intensity modulators and in-phase/quadrature (IQ) modulators to transmit PAM4 and 16-QAM signals reaching up to 333 and 581 Gbit/s net data rates, respectively. Our results establish lithium tantalate-on-silicon nitride as a viable platform for RF photonics, interconnects, and analog signal processing.

Identifiers

PMID41764154
PMCPMC13066381

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.