Multicolor detection of biothiols: machine learning-empowered plasmonic patterns recognition based on anti-etching of gold nanorods.

Golara Akhondi, Afsaneh Orouji, M Reza Hormozi-Nezhad

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Mikrochimica acta, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Golara AkhondiDepartment of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 111559516, Iran.

Afsaneh OroujiDepartment of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 111559516, Iran.

M Reza Hormozi-NezhadDepartment of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 111559516, Iran. hormozi@sharif.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-7472-1850

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Biothiols play pivotal roles in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis, where even minor concentration fluctuations can critically affect physiological health. Their structural similarity and dynamic interconversion, however, make the accurate detection of individual species and their metabolic ratios particularly challenging. To address these challenges, we propose a robust multicolorimetric probe based on gold nanorod anti-etching, capable of rapid, sensitive, and reproducible detection and discrimination of multiple ratios of biothiols using a single signal reporter. The modulation of the aspect ratio of AuNRs allows for rapid and visual differentiation of key biothiols-homocysteine (HCY), cysteine (CYS), glutathione (GSH), cystine (CYSS), and glutathione disulfide (GSSG)-as well as enables simultaneous monitoring of their metabolic ratios. The sensing mechanism is governed by a single-electron transfer process between N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and biothiols, leading to an anti-etching effect that suppresses AuNR oxidation. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) provided qualitative and quantitative evaluations over a wide concentration range (0.1-50 µmol L

Indexed as

ColorimetryGoldMachine LearningNanotubesSulfhydryl CompoundsCysteineCystineGlutathioneHumansLimit of DetectionCysteineCystineGlutathioneGoldSulfhydryl CompoundsAnti-etchingGold nanorodsMachine learningMetabolic cycle of biothiolsMulticolor probe

Identifiers

PMID41764113

DOI10.1007/s00604-026-07961-4

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.