Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41763204›Full record

ArticleNeuron2026

Synthetic serum markers enable noninvasive monitoring of gene expression in primate brains.

Sangsin Lee, McKenna D Romac, Sho Watanabe, Mykyta Chernov, Honghao Li, Emma Raisley, Kathryn M Rothenhoefer, Zachary Dahlquist, Jerzy O Szablowski, Vincent D Costa

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Neuron, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Monitoring Gene Expression in Retina with synthetic serum markers.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Sangsin LeeDepartment of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Rice Neuroengineering Initiative, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
McKenna D RomacDivision of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97006, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Division of Developmental and Cognitive Neuroscience, Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
Sho WatanabeDepartment of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Rice Neuroengineering Initiative, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
Mykyta ChernovDivision of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97006, USA.
Honghao LiDepartment of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Rice Neuroengineering Initiative, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
Emma RaisleyDepartment of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Rice Neuroengineering Initiative, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
Kathryn M RothenhoeferDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Division of Developmental and Cognitive Neuroscience, Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
Zachary DahlquistDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Division of Developmental and Cognitive Neuroscience, Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
Jerzy O SzablowskiDepartment of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Rice Neuroengineering Initiative, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Systems, Synthetic, and Physical Biology Program, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Applied Physics Program, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA. Electronic address: jszab@rice.edu.
Vincent D CostaDivision of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97006, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Division of Developmental and Cognitive Neuroscience, Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. Electronic address: vincent.d.costa@emory.edu.

Funding

Upgrade of confocal microscopy at the Oregon National Primate Research CenterP51OD011092 · OD · OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY · PI Bonnie J. Nagel · 2012 to 2026
$203.9M
Yerkes National Primate Research Center Role of type-I IFN in regulating COVID-19 induced inflammation and pathogenesisP51OD011132 · OD · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI Joon Sup Lee · 2012 to 2026
$167.0M
Neurocomputational mechanisms of explore-exploit decision making in prefrontal and motivational neural circuitsR01MH125824 · NIMH · OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY · PI COSTA, VINCENT D · 2021 to 2025
$3.2M
NIH HHS P51 OD011092NIH HHS P51 OD011132NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH125824
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We demonstrate a noninvasive approach for measuring transgene expression in the brains of nonhuman primates using blood-based assays with engineered reporters termed released markers of activity (RMAs). RMAs cross the blood-brain barrier via reverse transcytosis, allowing detection of brain-derived markers in the bloodstream. Using this approach, we demonstrate repeated monitoring of multiple transgenes expressed in cortical and subcortical regions over several weeks. RMAs are sufficiently sensitive to detect circuit-specific, Cre-dependent adeno-associated viral (AAV) expression, and RMA signals are correlated with histological quantification of gene expression in neural tissue. Together, these findings establish the RMA platform as a cost-efficient and repeatable tool for neuroscience studies in nonhuman primates, enabling sensitive and multiplexed measurement of brain gene expression with a simple blood test.

Indexed as

BrainGene ExpressionAnimalsBiomarkersDependovirusGenetic VectorsIntegrasesMacaca mulattaTransgenesBiomarkersIntegrasesAAVamygdalabloodchemogeneticsCre-recombinasegene expressionluciferaserhesus macaquestriatumtransgene

Identifiers

PMID41763204
PMCPMC13048365

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.