Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41762981›Full record

ReviewEcotoxicology and environmental safety2026

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances: A novel risk factor for cardiovascular disease.

Wu Chen, Chenyu Qiu, Zhenchun Yang, Hannah Nash, Roksana Karim, Zhanghua Chen

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Size-Resolved PMToxics · 2026
    Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Wu ChenDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Chenyu QiuDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Zhenchun YangDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Hannah NashDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Roksana KarimDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Electronic address: rkarim@usc.edu.
Zhanghua ChenDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Electronic address: zhanghuc@usc.edu.

Funding

Circulating levels of Persistent Organic Pollutants and Subclinical Atherosclerosis progression in Postmenopausal womenR01ES033705 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI CHEN, ZHANGHUA, KARIM, ROKSANA · 2022 to 2025
$3.5M
The Long-term Influence of Persistent Organic Pollutants Exposure During and After Pregnancy on Metabolic Decline in Women After Pregnancies Complicated by Gestational DiabetesR01ES032247 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI CHEN, ZHANGHUA · 2020 to 2023
$1.9M
American Heart Association-American Stroke Association 25POST1376733NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES032247NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES033705
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the major contributor to global mortality. Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), synthetic chemicals that are persistent in the environment and the human body, has emerged as a novel risk factor for CVDs. In this review, we conducted a structured literature search in PubMed and Web of Science to identify original research articles published up to February 14, 2025. We summarized the epidemiological findings for the impact of PFAS exposure on CVDs and the pathologic precursors of CVDs including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and arterial stiffness. Although inconclusive, current evidence suggests a potential association between PFAS exposure, primarily legacy congeners such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), with increased incidence, prevalence, and mortality of various CVDs, including ischemic heart disease and stroke, as well as elevated blood pressure, aggravated atherosclerosis, and arterial stiffening. Sex, age, socioeconomic status, and underlying health conditions may influence susceptibility to the cardiovascular effects of PFAS exposure; however, current evidence remains inconclusive. Future work is needed to assess the safety of a broader range of PFAS compounds, particularly the emerging ones. The majority of the existing studies evaluating the association between PFAS exposure and CVDs are cross-sectional. Experimental and longitudinal studies are warranted to establish the causal relationship between PFAS exposure and CVDs, as well as to elucidate the underlying biological mechanisms.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesEnvironmental ExposureEnvironmental PollutantsFluorocarbonsAnimalsHumansRisk FactorsEnvironmental PollutantsFluorocarbonsArterial stiffnessAtherosclerosisBlood pressureCardiovascular diseasePFAS

Identifiers

PMID41762981
PMCPMC13035305

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.