ArticleInternational journal of legal medicine2026
Radiation dose reduction through short scan protocols and arms-out positioning in clavicular CT for forensic age estimation.
Article in International journal of legal medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo assess the effect of scan length, partial humeral head inclusion, and body mass index (BMI) on radiation dose of CTs of the medial clavicular epiphysis (MCE) performed with elevated arms (arms-up).
methodsNinety consecutive MCE CTs acquired in an arms-up position for forensic age estimation were retrospectively analysed. Scans were grouped by scan length (short: ≤4 cm; long: >4 cm, rounded to the nearest cm) and by arm position (arms-out: humeral heads excluded; arms-in: humeral heads partially included). Dose-relevant parameters (effective tube current, volume CT dose index, CT dose length product, and effective dose) were compared. Adjusted geometric mean ratios (aGMRs) were calculated to quantify the association between radiation doses and scan length, arm inclusion, and BMI.
resultsPopulation: 88 males, 2 females; median (IQR) weight 62.0 kg (57.5-67.9), height 172 cm (168-178), BMI 21.1 kg/m² (19.5-22.4). Effective dose was lowest in short scans with arms-out (0.38 mSv, 0.32-0.43), highest in long scans with arms-in (0.49 mSv, 0.39-0.62), and equal in short scans with arms-in and long scans with arms-out (0.41 mSv, 0.36-0.46 and 0.34-0.46, respectively). Each additional centimetre of scan length increased dose by 8.3% (aGMR 1.083, 95% CI 1.036-1.132), each centimetre of humeral head inclusion by 6.8% (1.068, 1.046-1.090), and each BMI unit by 4.1% (1.041, 1.024-1.058).
conclusionsEffective dose was 22% lower in short scans with arms-out than in long scans with arms-in. Careful patient positioning and precise scan length planning substantially reduce radiation exposure in MCE CT for age estimation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.