ArticleAnnals of medicine2026
The burden of peptic ulcer disease in China, 1990-2021: update from the GBD 2021 study.
Article in Annals of medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Evolution of Gastrointestinal Inflammatory Diseases and Neoplasm Burden in Super-Elderly Populations: Integrated GBD 2023, CHARLS, and CLHLS Analyses of China and G20 Countries.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
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Abstract
backgroundPeptic ulcer disease (PUD) remains a significant digestive health concern in China, influenced by factors such as
methodsUsing data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study, we analysed incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of PUD in China from 1990 to 2021. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated to assess temporal trends. Decomposition analysis was applied to quantify the contributions of population ageing, population growth and epidemiological changes to changes in absolute burden. In addition, a Bayesian age-period-cohort model was used to project trends from 2022 to 2035.
resultsFrom 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized incidence rate of PUD in China decreased by 54.9% (EAPC = -2.85), the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) decreased by 73.7% (EAPC = -4.17) and the age-standardized DALY rate decreased by 77.1% (EAPC = -4.68). Despite these declines, the absolute burden remained substantial among adults aged ≥55 years. Males consistently experienced a higher burden than females. Smoking was identified as the only risk factor quantified in the GBD attribution framework for PUD. Decomposition analysis indicated that epidemiological changes accounted for the largest relative share of the observed decline, whereas population ageing partially offset these reductions. Model-based projections suggest that age-standardized rates may continue to decline through 2035, assuming recent trends persist.
conclusionsAlthough the age-standardized burden of PUD in China has declined markedly over the past three decades, the absolute burden remains considerable, particularly among older adults and males. Continued reductions in PUD burden may benefit from sustained tobacco control and targeted prevention strategies for high-risk populations, while accounting for the challenges posed by population ageing.
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