Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41761903›Full record

ArticleAnnals of medicine2026

Can hyperleukocytosis be caused by a non-hematologic condition? A 10-year retrospective tertiary-care center cohort study.

Elisavet Moutzouri, Emmanuel Häfliger, Katarzyna Aleksandra Jalowiec, Ioannis Chanias, Martin Andres, Annatina Schnegg-Kaufmann, Adrian De Angelis, Marie-Noëlle Kronig, Thomas Pabst, Ulrike Bacher and 5 more

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Article in Annals of medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Elisavet MoutzouriDepartment of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Emmanuel HäfligerDepartment of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-9841-269X
Katarzyna Aleksandra JalowiecDepartment of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-3284-8308
Ioannis ChaniasDepartment of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.ORCID 0009-0000-0903-597X
Martin AndresDepartment of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-9891-2988
Annatina Schnegg-KaufmannDepartment of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-7716-3340
Adrian De AngelisDepartment of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Marie-Noëlle KronigDepartment of Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.ORCID 0009-0009-4988-4664
Thomas PabstDepartment of Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-6055-5257
Ulrike BacherDepartment of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-8771-947X
Natalia BaranDepartment of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-0618-4798
Anne Angelillo-ScherrerDepartment of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-2872-4863
Sara Christina MeyerDepartment of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-0308-185X
Michael DaskalakisDepartment of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-8138-0505
Alicia RovóDepartment of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-7757-4753

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHyperleukocytosis (HL) is defined as a white blood cell counts typically exceeding 100 G/L and is commonly associated with hematologic malignancies. Efforts to identify and characterize non-hematologic causes of HL have been limited and insufficiently addressed in the literature.

methodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of adult patient records from 2013 to 2023, screened for cases of HL with a primary focus on the characterization of non-hematologic causes.

resultsOut of 878,967 adult patients, 375 patients had HL; 90 were excluded due to opting out of general consent, leaving 285 (median age 66.8 years; 32% female) for analysis. Of these, 276 (97%) had an underlying hematologic malignancy, most frequently chronic lymphocytic leukemia (35.4%), followed by other B-cell lymphomas, acute myeloid leukemia, and chronic myeloid leukemia. Non-hematologic causes accounted for the remaining 3% (

conclusionsThe presence of HL should immediately raise the possibility of a hematologic disease, though a small subset stems from non-hematologic causes. Consequently, HL should prompt immediate peripheral blood smear review and early hematology consultation. Isolated infection-related HL was not observed in this cohort and should be interpreted as a cohort-specific observation.

Indexed as

Hematologic NeoplasmsLeukocytosisAdultAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleHumansLeukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-CellLeukocyte CountMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesTertiary Care Centershematologic malignanciesHyperleukocytosismortalitynon-hematologic causes

Identifiers

PMID41761903
PMCPMC12951649

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.