Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41761779›Full record

ArticleCurrent protocols2026

Mass Cytometry Workflow to Achieve High-Dimensional Immunophenotyping in Resource-Limited or Decentralized Environments.

Natalie Smith, Michael Cohen, Lauren Tracey, Julie Alipaz, Christina Loh, David King, Neha Pulyani, Rebecca Auzins, Elin Gray, Sandra Taylor and 4 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Current protocols, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Natalie SmithSchool of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
Michael CohenStandard BioTools, South San Francisco, California, USA.
Lauren TraceyStandard BioTools, South San Francisco, California, USA.
Julie AlipazStandard BioTools, South San Francisco, California, USA.
Christina LohStandard BioTools, South San Francisco, California, USA.
David KingStandard BioTools, South San Francisco, California, USA.
Neha PulyaniEdith Cowen University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Rebecca AuzinsEdith Cowen University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Elin GrayEdith Cowen University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Sandra TaylorDubbo Base Hospital, Dubbo, New South Wales, Australia.
Rajat RaiDubbo Base Hospital, Dubbo, New South Wales, Australia.
Steven KaoChris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Barbara Fazekas de St GrothSchool of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
Helen McGuireSchool of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2047-6543

Funding

National Health and Medical Research Council 2014538
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Globally, regional and remote communities are burdened by both an increased prevalence and worse prognosis of many infectious and chronic diseases. However, largely owing to logistical challenges, these communities are under-represented in clinical trials and research studies. As individuals from rural communities experience unique environmental exposures and risk factors for disease, immune phenotyping data collected from metropolitan populations may not be broadly generalizable. To address this, we present a workflow that enables the inclusion of resource-limited sites in high-parameter mass cytometry studies. In this approach, whole blood (WB) or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are collected, stained fresh for surface antigens, and cryopreserved at the collection site. Samples are then shipped to the central site for further processing, including neutrophil depletion, fixation, barcoding, intracellular staining, and data acquisition. Importantly, the WB staining approach does not require specialized equipment such as centrifuges and is therefore feasible to perform in a resource-limited environment. A support protocol details steps for data preprocessing and cleanup. We present example data demonstrating the application of this workflow to determine immune differences between eight patients with late-stage lung cancer and four healthy blood donors. Overall, this workflow may improve access to underserved communities and facilitate, for the first time, the scalability of immune phenotyping studies to harness geographically dispersed clinical centers. © 2026 The Author(s). Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Preparation and staining of PBMCs for cytometry Basic Protocol 2: Preparation and staining of whole blood for cytometry Basic Protocol 3: Fixation, permeabilization, intracellular staining, and data acquisition for blood sample immunophenotyping Support Protocol: Data preprocessing and cleanup.

Indexed as

Flow CytometryImmunophenotypingCryopreservationHumansLeukocytes, MononuclearLung NeoplasmsResource-Limited SettingsWorkflowCyTOFimmunophenotypingmass cytometry

Identifiers

PMID41761779
PMCPMC12949427

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.