ArticleLipids in health and disease2026
Investigating the exhaled lipid biomarkers among e-cigarette users compared to non-smokers.
Article in Lipids in health and disease, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The Particle in Exhaled Air (PExA) method provides a non-invasive way to evaluate how electronic (e)-cigarette aerosols affect the small airways by providing a sample of their lining fluid. This study explored for the first time the changes in the lipid profiles of airway lining fluid and their links to systemic inflammatory marker IL-13-producing T cells in blood, local airway type Ⅱ inflammatory marker FeNO, and local innate immune marker TLR2 in sputum among e-cigarette users, cigarette smokers, and non-smokers.PEx samples were collected on a single occasion from 24 non-smokers, 21 cigarette smokers, and 17 e-cigarette users aged 20 to 65 years. Participants completed a questionnaire including information on cigarette and e-cigarette use. All participants had normal lung function (FEV1/VC ≥ 0.7) and no history of allergy or lung diseases. Statistical significances were tested by the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Mann-Whitney test as post-hoc, linear regression, and OPLS-DA analysis.A total of 86 lipid species across 9 lipid classes were identified in the analysis. Significant differences in both phospholipid classes and individual lipid species were found among e-cigarette users, cigarette smokers, and non-smokers, with the most pronounced differences between e-cigarette users and non-smokers. Notably, the percentages of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), sphingomyelin (SM), and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) lipid classes were higher in e-cigarette users compared to non-smokers. Additionally, a strong association was identified between IL-13-producing T cells and lipid profiles in e-cigarette users compared to non-smokers.The observed changes in lipid profiles among e-cigarette users may indicate disruptions in lipid homeostasis linked to chronic inflammatory lung diseases. This underscores the need for further research on the long-term effects of e-cigarette use, as the precise implications remain unclear.
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