ArticleEnvironmental health : a global access science source2026
A prospective study of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), stress, and birth size in a cohort of U.S. Black women.
Article in Environmental health : a global access science source, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, perceived stress, and miscarriage risk in a cohort of US Black women.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and psychosocial stress can dysregulate hormonal processes underlying fetal growth. Less is known about the effect of co-exposure to PFAS and stress on birth size.
objectiveWe investigated associations of a preconception mixture of PFAS with birth size and assessed effect modification by perceived stress.
methodsWe used prospective data from 321 participants from the Study of Environment, Lifestyle, and Fibroids, a cohort of 23-35-year-old women from Detroit, MI who identified as Black/African American. We quantified plasma concentrations of six PFAS in baseline blood samples using online solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography-isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry. We assessed experience of perceived stress at baseline using the Perceived Stress Scale-4. Participants reported intervening pregnancies at follow-up visits (at ~ 20, 40, and 60 months). We calculated sex-standardized birthweight-for-gestational-age (BW-for-GA) z-scores from reported birthweight and gestational age at delivery. We employed Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression to estimate associations (βs, with 95% credible intervals [CrI]) of the PFAS mixture with BW-for-GA z-scores and assess effect modification by stress scores, adjusting for confounders.
resultsThe 90th percentile of the mixture (vs. 50th percentile) was weakly associated with higher BW-for-GA z-scores (β = 0.37, 95% CrI=-0.20, 0.95), driven by perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) and stress scores. PFHxS was weakly associated with higher BW-for-GA z-scores, and this association was stronger at higher levels of perceived stress.
conclusionA mixture of PFAS and stress scores was weakly associated with higher BW-for-GA z-scores in a cohort of Black women, with evidence of a PFHxS-stress score interaction.
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