Comprehensive review of acromioclavicular joint dislocation: anatomy, mechanism, imaging, treatment and rehabilitation-narrative review.

Acromioclavicular Joint (ACJ) dislocation is a major form of shoulder injury, accounting for about 9% of shoulder injuries. It is commonly seen in athletes involved in direct oppositional, contact sports (e.g., field hockey, rugby, and soccer.) The ACJ plays a critical role in normal upper extremity motion function, but intense opposition, as well as its structural complexity, make it susceptible to acute injury and dysfunction. Therefore, it is of great interest to explore the anatomical basis of ACJ dislocations, analyze the mechanisms by which such ACJ dislocations occur, and discuss in detail how imaging techniques can be used to assess the extent of injury. In this review, we explore the aforementioned processes and mechanisms, as well as the treatment options for ACJ dislocation, with a focus on how to differentiate between surgical and nonsurgical treatment methods. The considerations for ACJ treatment are also further elaborated by comparing the effectiveness and potential complications of the various treatment methods. Finally, the paper summarizes the rehabilitation process for patients with ACJ dislocation, including necessary short-term physical therapy and long-term treatment strategies. Despite the fact that acromioclavicular joint dislocations are currently well researched as well as very well studied, and a variety of treatments have been proposed and practiced, the challenge remains to maximize functional recovery and minimize the risk of recurrence. By exploring the anatomical basis of ACJ dislocations, summarizing the mechanisms, evaluating the imaging, summarizing the treatment protocols, and rehabilitating the process, we will be able to provide an optimal treatment plan for this type of patient in the future, which will significantly improve the patient's quality of life.