ArticleInjury epidemiology2026
From mat to sand: a comparative injury surveillance study of Olympic and Beach Wrestling at the 2025 World championships.
Article in Injury epidemiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundWrestling is associated with a substantial risk of injury; however, comparative injury epidemiology between Olympic Wrestling (OW) and Beach Wrestling (BW) remains limited, constraining evidence-informed injury-prevention strategies across formats.
methodsA prospective comparative epidemiological study was conducted during the 2025 Senior Olympic Wrestling World Championships and the 2025 Beach Wrestling World Series. Only competition-related bout injuries requiring on-site medical assessment or treatment were recorded. Injuries were documented using the United World Wrestling (UWW) standardized injury report form and expressed as incidence rates per 1,000 athlete-exposures (AEs). Injuries were classified by severity, anatomical region, and wrestling format. Between-group comparisons were performed using chi-square tests and independent-samples t-tests (p < 0.05).
resultsA total of 53 competition-related injuries were recorded: 29 in BW (20.0 injuries per 1,000 AEs) and 24 in OW (13.3 injuries per 1,000 AEs). Although BW demonstrated a higher overall injury incidence, all BW injuries were classified as mild or moderate, with no severe or catastrophic cases. In contrast, OW demonstrated a significantly higher proportion of moderate-to-severe injuries compared with BW (75% vs. 14%; χ² = 14.73, p < 0.001). The head and face were the most commonly affected regions in both formats (38% in BW; 42% in OW). Secondary injury patterns differed, with OW injuries more frequently involving the knee (25%) and shoulder (17%), whereas BW injuries were more evenly distributed across the upper extremities (34.6%). No catastrophic injuries occurred in either format.
conclusionsBeach Wrestling demonstrated a more favourable injury-severity profile despite a higher overall injury incidence, whereas Olympic Wrestling was associated with a greater proportion of clinically significant injuries. These findings highlight important format-specific differences in injury patterns and support the need for targeted injury-prevention strategies and continued evaluation of competition rules and environments.
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