ArticleBMC nursing2026
Development and psychometric evaluation of a scale assessing nursing students' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding evidence-based care bundles.
Article in BMC nursing, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundCare bundles improve the quality of care through evidence-based practices; however, no standardized tool exists to assess nursing students’ competencies related to their use. This study aimed to develop a valid and reliable scale to address this gap. MATERIALS AND
methodsThis methodological study was conducted with 340 nursing students enrolled in the 3rd and 4th years between September and October 2024. The initial draft of the scale consisted of 17 items was evaluated by six experts to established content and face validity. Internal consistency was examined through a pilot study. Construct validity was assessed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to test the model fit of the factor structure obtained from EFA. Items 11 and 16, which negatively affected construct validity, were removed from the scale. Test-retest analysis was used to assess temporal stability, and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was calculated to evaluate reliability.
resultsThe final version of the scale consisted of three subdimensions, namely f “knowledge”, “attitude” and “practice”. The KMO value of the scale was 0.88; Bartlett’s Sphericity Test Chi-Square value was χ2 = 1370.046; df = 136; p<0.001. The total variance explained by EFA was 50.39. The scale’s Cronbach’s alpha value was 0.82, and the sub-dimension values were calculated as knowledge 0.66, attitude 0.62 and practice 0.83.
conclusionsBased on the findings, the Care Bundle Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Scale meets content, construct and reliability criteria and can be considered a valid and reliable measurement tool for nursing students. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.
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