Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41760699›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

The stray cat exposure to parabens in highly urbanized environment.

Slawomir Gonkowski, Manolis Tzatzarakis, Nariste Kadyralieva, Elena Vakonaki, Thomas Lamprakis, Ismail Sen, Fatih I Ramazan, Aiday Zhunushova, Krystyna Makowska

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Slawomir GonkowskiDepartment of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland. slawomir.gonkowski@uwm.edu.pl.
Manolis TzatzarakisLaboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
Nariste KadyralievaDepartment of Histology and Embryology, Veterinary Faculty, Kyrgyz- Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
Elena VakonakiLaboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
Thomas LamprakisLaboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
Ismail SenDepartment of Internal Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kyrgyz- Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
Fatih I RamazanDepartment of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
Aiday ZhunushovaDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
Krystyna MakowskaDepartment of Clinical Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland. krystyna.makowska@uwm.edu.pl.

Funding

Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University Scientific Research Office KTMU-BAP - 2025.FB.04
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Parabens pollute the environment and show harmful effects on humans and animals. This study is the first description of parabens in the hair of stray cats, which living in the city, may be considered as sentinel and/or indicator species for evaluation of the risk of human exposure to pollutants in the outdoor urban environment. The levels of methylparaben (MeP), ethylparaben (EtP), propylparaben (PrP), butylparaben (BuP) and benzylparaben (BeP) were evaluated with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. MeP in levels above limit of detection (LOD) was found in 99% of samples with mean 302.9 ± 418.5 pg/mg (median 164.5 pg/mg), PrP in 94% of samples with mean 180.8 ± 266.9 pg/mg (median 82.6 pg/mg) and EtP in 83% of samples with mean 77.51 ± 91.24 pg/mg (median 47.15 pg/mg). BuP in levels above LOD was observed in 53% of samples with mean 18.7 ± 43.03 pg/mg (median 5.8 pg/mg) and BeP in 6% of samples with mean 1.5 ± 9.23 pg/mg (median < LOD). Moreover some differences in paraben levels were noted in animals of various ages. The results show that stray cats are significantly exposed to some parabens, which indicates the high concentration of these compounds in the outdoor urban environment and suggest relatively high risk of exposure of city dwellers to these compounds.

Indexed as

Environmental ExposureEnvironmental PollutantsHairParabensAnimalsCatsChromatography, LiquidEnvironmental MonitoringFemaleHumansEnvironmental PollutantsmethylparabenParabensCatsEndocrine disruptorsEnvironmental pollutionParabensSentinel species

Identifiers

PMID41760699
PMCPMC13049038

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.