Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41760415›Full record

ArticleAcademic radiology2026

Reading, Fast and Slow: Characterizing Radiologists' Visual Search Through Abdominal CT for Detecting Hepatic Metastases.

Parvathy Sudhir Pillai, Scott S Hsieh, Hao Gong, Andrew Vercnocke, David A Cook, David R Holmes, Jeff L Fidler, Rickey E Carter, Shuai Leng, Lifeng Yu and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Academic radiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Parvathy Sudhir PillaiDepartment of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905 (P.S.P., S.S.H., H.G., A.V., J.L.F., S.L., L.Y., C.H.M., J.G.F.).
Scott S HsiehDepartment of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905 (P.S.P., S.S.H., H.G., A.V., J.L.F., S.L., L.Y., C.H.M., J.G.F.). Electronic address: hsieh.scott@mayo.edu.
Hao GongDepartment of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905 (P.S.P., S.S.H., H.G., A.V., J.L.F., S.L., L.Y., C.H.M., J.G.F.).
Andrew VercnockeDepartment of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905 (P.S.P., S.S.H., H.G., A.V., J.L.F., S.L., L.Y., C.H.M., J.G.F.).
David A CookDepartment of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (D.A.C).
David R HolmesBiomedical Imaging Resource, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (D.R.H.).
Jeff L FidlerDepartment of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905 (P.S.P., S.S.H., H.G., A.V., J.L.F., S.L., L.Y., C.H.M., J.G.F.).
Rickey E CarterDepartment of Quantitative Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida (R.E.C.).
Shuai LengDepartment of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905 (P.S.P., S.S.H., H.G., A.V., J.L.F., S.L., L.Y., C.H.M., J.G.F.).
Lifeng YuDepartment of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905 (P.S.P., S.S.H., H.G., A.V., J.L.F., S.L., L.Y., C.H.M., J.G.F.).
Cynthia H McColloughDepartment of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905 (P.S.P., S.S.H., H.G., A.V., J.L.F., S.L., L.Y., C.H.M., J.G.F.).
Joel G FletcherDepartment of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905 (P.S.P., S.S.H., H.G., A.V., J.L.F., S.L., L.Y., C.H.M., J.G.F.).

Funding

Trade-offs in human observer performance, image quality metrics, and patient doseR01EB017095 · NIBIB · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI Hao Gong, Cynthia H McCollough · 2012 to 2026
$7.0M
NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB017095
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

RATIONALE AND

objectivesPrevious studies suggest that "drilling" (eyes fixated at one location within a slice while scrolling rapidly between computed tomography (CT) slices) may be more effective than "scanning" (eyes move rapidly to search within each slice while scrolling slowly between slices) for detecting lesions, but evidence has been limited. The purpose of this study is to examine the association between sensitivity and either drilling or scanning for liver metastasis detection. MATERIALS AND

methodsTwenty-five radiologists blinded to clinical and previous imaging information marked all suspected hepatic metastases in 40 contrast-enhanced liver CT exams while being monitored by eye-tracking technology. Eye movements were registered to the corresponding liver segment and slice. All livers and proven metastases were demarcated into Couinaud segments. Outcome measures included metastasis detection (sensitivity), interpretation time, average rate of scrolling, and average rate of segment change.

resultsThere were 91 metastases, and mean sensitivity was 83%. In univariate analysis, higher reader sensitivity was associated with longer interpretation time (adjusted R

conclusionDrilling may outperform scanning in sensitivity for detection of liver metastases when measured as segment change rate, but not as scrolling rate. Longer interpretation time is independently associated with higher sensitivity.

Indexed as

Eye MovementsLiver NeoplasmsRadiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-AssistedRadiography, AbdominalTomography, X-Ray ComputedContrast MediaFemaleHumansMaleObserver VariationRadiologistsReproducibility of ResultsSensitivity and SpecificityContrast MediaEye trackingReader performanceSearch errors

Identifiers

PMID41760415
PMCPMC12970606

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.