Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41759302›Full record

Trial reportAddictive behaviors2026

Removing Tobacco Price Discounts from the Retail Point-of-Sale Exterior Reduces Young Adults' Future Cigarette Smoking Susceptibility: an Experimental Investigation.

Michael S Dunbar, Claude M Setodji, Steven C Martino, Jody C S Wong, Grace van Valkenburg, Desmond Jenson, William G Shadel

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Addictive behaviors, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Michael S DunbarRAND Corporation, 4570 5(th) Avenue., Suite 600, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Electronic address: mdunbar@rand.org.
Claude M SetodjiRAND Corporation, 4570 5(th) Avenue., Suite 600, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
Steven C MartinoRAND Corporation, 4570 5(th) Avenue., Suite 600, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
Jody C S WongRAND Corporation, 4570 5(th) Avenue., Suite 600, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA; School of Management, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.
Grace van ValkenburgRAND Corporation, 4570 5(th) Avenue., Suite 600, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
Desmond JensonPublic Health Law Center, Mitchell Hamline School of Law, Saint Paul, MN 55105 USA.
William G ShadelRAND Corporation, 4570 5(th) Avenue., Suite 600, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.

Funding

Experimentally Testing Legally Feasible Regulatory Options for Reducing the Impact of the Point-of-sale Retail Environment on Adolescent Tobacco Use.R01CA236608 · NCI · RAND CORPORATION · PI SHADEL, WILLIAM G · 2019 to 2023
$2.5M
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA236608
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionProhibiting display of price promotions (e.g., coupons, discounts, two-for-one deals) at retail point-of-sale (POS) may reduce cigarette smoking risk, particularly among price-sensitive groups like young adults, but evidence supporting this type of regulatory action is non-existent. The present study experimentally tested the impact of removing price discounts from a retail POS setting on young adults' susceptibility to smoke cigarettes.

methodsYoung adults (n = 289) ages 18-20 were randomly assigned to complete a shopping task in a life-sized model convenience store laboratory, under one of the following experimental conditions: 1) price discounts absent (i.e., no visible price discount information displayed on exterior signage appearing on the entrance door to the store); and 2) a control condition with discount information present on exterior signage, as usual. Participants completed separate measures of future intentions to smoke cigarettes before and after shopping. Multivariable logistic regression assessed the effect of condition on likelihood of future smoking susceptibility (1 = any susceptibility; 0 = no susceptibility) to smoke cigarettes. The model controlled for baseline (pre-shopping) cigarette smoking susceptibility, cigarette and other tobacco use history, and demographic characteristics (age, sex, race, socioeconomic status).

resultsThere was a main effect of study condition such that exposure to the price discounts absent condition (vs. control) reduced young adults' susceptibility to smoke cigarettes (aOR = 0.48, 95% CI 0.23 - 1.00, p < 0.05).

conclusionsConsistent with recommendations for comprehensive tobacco control programs, findings from this experiment suggest that policies prohibiting displays of price discounts at retail settings may help to reduce cigarette smoking intentions in young people.

Indexed as

Cigarette SmokingCommerceTobacco ProductsAdolescentFemaleHumansIntentionMaleYoung AdultCigarette smokingPolicyPrice discountRetailTobacco use susceptibility

Identifiers

PMID41759302
PMCPMC13044973

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.