Observational studyThe American journal of managed care2026
Medicare Advantage in the US mainland and Puerto Rico.
Observational study in The American journal of managed care, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo compare enrollment rates in Medicare Advantage (MA) among people with disabilities (PWD) and individuals with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the US (50 states and District of Columbia) and Puerto Rico (PR). STUDY
designThis observational study utilized repeated cross-sectional data from the Master Beneficiary Summary File from 2008 to 2022.
methodsThe sample included beneficiaries who had continuous Medicare enrollment during the corresponding calendar year and were alive at the end of March 31 the following year. Partial-year MA enrollment was defined as having at least 1 month of MA coverage. Full-year MA enrollment was defined as having continuous MA coverage for all 12 months. We calculated the percentage of enrollees in MA based on their entitlement (age, disability, and ESRD). Standardized differences were calculated to compare characteristics of US and PR enrollees in 2022.
resultsBetween 2008 and 2022, our study included 757,245,942 person-years from the US and 10,298,906 person-years from PR. In 2022, Medicare beneficiaries in PR exhibited a higher partial-year MA enrollment rate-nearly double that of the US (84% vs 48%; d = 0.837; 95% CI, 0.835-0.839). In addition, in the US, the difference between partial-year and full-year MA enrollment rates was 5.7% for PWD and 9.1% for ESRD enrollees. In PR, the differences were 2.7% for PWD and 10.0% for ESRD enrollees.
conclusionsDiscrepancies between partial-year and full-year MA enrollment persisted among PWD and ESRD subpopulations, highlighting potential differences in coverage and access to care for these groups.
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