Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41758943›Full record

ArticleScience advances2026

How do you measure a threat in the air? Testing the universal, dynamic, and multifaceted nature of social identity threat.

Kathryn M Kroeper, Ariana Hernandez-Colmenares, Dorainne J Green, Heidi E Williams, Austin Kuzdal, Juan Ospina, Courtney A Moore, Gunjan Agarwal, Andrew F Heckler, Jennifer Crocker and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Science advances, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Kathryn M KroeperDepartment of Psychology, Sacred Heart University, Fairfield, CT 06825, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2701-5053
Ariana Hernandez-ColmenaresDepartment of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.ORCID 0009-0004-8831-1934
Dorainne J GreenDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
Heidi E WilliamsDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
Austin KuzdalDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
Juan OspinaDepartment of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.ORCID 0009-0006-4962-9792
Courtney A MooreDepartment of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9436-4395
Gunjan AgarwalDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3731-2107
Andrew F HecklerDepartment of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5494-7855
Jennifer CrockerDepartment of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6590-4647
Kentaro FujitaDepartment of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3527-6002
Mary C MurphyDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6511-498X
Steven J SpencerDepartment of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Social identity threat is a vigilance state in which a person anticipates that others in a setting may devalue them because of one (or more) of their social identities. According to theory, threat is multifaceted-encompassing concerns about stereotyping, belonging, fairness, authenticity, and more-and situational, fluctuating depending on which identities and contextual cues are salient. Threat is also theorized as a universal experience-affecting potentially anyone, across any of their identities. Here, we put these central aspects of theory to the test by introducing the Social Identity Threat Concerns (SITC) Inventory, a self-report instrument designed to assess threat across varied identity-by-context situations. Across nine studies (

Indexed as

Social IdentificationFemaleHumansSocial GroupStereotyping

Identifiers

PMID41758943
PMCPMC12947857

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.