Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41758934›Full record

ArticleScience advances2026

Immune-adaptive pathogen variation reveals targetable mediators of gram-positive bacterial killing in macrophages.

Clark D Russell, Jennifer Marshall, Brian J McHugh, Bartosz J Michno, Justyna Cholewa-Waclaw, Gonzalo Yebra, Jelimo Chepsat, Gareth-Rhys Jones, Martin P McHugh, Nicola N Lynskey and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Science advances, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Clark D RussellUniversity of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-9873-8243
Jennifer MarshallUniversity of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK.
Brian J McHughUniversity of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-4747-0643
Bartosz J MichnoDepartment of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków 31-007, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-7655-649X
Justyna Cholewa-WaclawHigh Content Screening Facility, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-8625-8528
Gonzalo YebraRoslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-3472-3667
Jelimo ChepsatUniversity of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-4677-5859
Gareth-Rhys JonesSchool of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
Martin P McHughDepartment of Clinical Microbiology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-0370-3700
Nicola N LynskeyRoslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK.
Stephen A RenshawFlorey Institute, Bateson Centre and Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-1790-1641
Tomasz K PrajsnarDepartment of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków 31-007, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-6562-8630
J Kenneth BaillieUniversity of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-5258-793X
J Ross FitzgeraldRoslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-9233-8468
David H DockrellUniversity of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-2718-4861

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Host-directed therapies for bacterial infections can provide an adjunct or alternative to conventional antimicrobials, mitigating the impact of antimicrobial resistance. However, therapeutically targetable mediators of innate immune bacterial killing remain elusive. We hypothesized that immune-adaptive pathogen evolution could provide an informative perspective on this problem. We examined the interaction of a genetically diverging hypervirulent

Indexed as

Adaptive ImmunityGram-Positive BacteriaHost-Pathogen InteractionsMacrophagesStreptococcus pneumoniaeAnimalsEnterococcus faeciumHost-Directed TherapyHumansMiceReceptors, Purinergic P2X7Receptors, Purinergic P2X7

Identifiers

PMID41758934
PMCPMC12947864

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.